
ports: "Several series of tests have been completed with the combination 
of molasses (3 to 5 percent by volume) with derris extract diluted 1 to 
250, so as to obtain a concentration of 1 to 5,000 rotenone. Complete 
kill of Taeniothrips gladioli M. & 5. was obtained, with this spray in a 
Series of tests lasting 7 to 8 days. * * * In two series of tests (run 
in duplicate) the sprayed plants were kept in the greenhouse, where they 
received some direct sunlight (through the glass) and the toxicity of 
the residue was tested from time to time. In the first series a total of 
164 larvae were killed over the 7-day period, some being killed while 
hatching, especially when in contact with a droplet of this residue, 
Dut most of them being killed within 12 to 24 hours after hatching, the 
momeo action being similar to, if not faster than, that of paris green 
with molasses. In other tests in this first series the residues on 
Sprayed plants which had stood 7 days in the greenhouse were still very 
%OxiC to both adults and larvae (100 percent kill of both in 48 hours 
in vial tests; checks, no kill). In a second series with molasses—der— 
ris spray, a 100 percent kill was obtained of a total of 342 larvae 
hatched over a period of 6 to 7 days. Of these 23 percent were killed 
while hatching; the remainder, from 12 to 24 hours after. After two 
weeks the residue was still very toxic, killing 100 percent of adults 
Meevial tests in 48 hours (checks, no kill). * * * Considering what 
is already known about the stability of derris sprays, it is remarka- 
ble that derris extracts should apparently be so stable in combination 
with molasses. This may be due to the slightly acid medium provided 
by molasses (pH of this molasses was 5.9)." 
Ethylene chlorohydrin as fumigant against larvae of wireworm.—— 
Reporting on experiments "to determine the effect of a solution of ethy- 
lene chlorohydrin in ethyl alcohol" R. S. Lehman, Walla Walla, Wash., 
says, "It was found that the same concentration of ethylene chlorohydrin 
in alcoholic solutions of different percentages resulted in a variation 
in mortality to the larvae (of Limonius californicus Mann.). That is, in 
solutions containing from 60 to 95 percent absolute alcohol, the number 
of cc used was varied so that the same concentration of ethylene chloro- 
hydrin was obtained each time. It was found that as the percentage of 
alcohol decreased the mortality of the larvae increased. That is, as the 
concentration of the ethylene chlorohvdrin increased in the solution, 
although the concentration of ethylene chlorohydrin used in each exper-— 
iment was the same, the mortality of the larvae increased. This did not 
prove to be true when distilled water was used to obtain various dilu- 
tions of the ethylene chlorohydrin. The mortality was practically the 
Same as one would expect with the same concentration. An adequate ex- 
planation of the above recorded phenomena is lacking. There should be 
no chemical reaction between the two compounds. It was thought at first 
that the ethyl alcohol may have had an anesthetic effect upon the larvae, 
reducing the rate of respiration and thus causing less of the ethylene 
chlorohydrin to enter the body of the insect. But as the ethyl alcohol 
appeared to have little effect upon the larvae in the control which con- 
tained the maximum quantity of ethyl alcohol used in the experiment, it 
is not thought that an anesthetic effect was produced. Also, the fact 
