meh 
expect to control the pepper weevil entirely by this method because the . 
period between plowing and the first appearance of new pepper plants 
some seasons is very short, owing to weather conditions." 
Life history of female bean beetle.—-"Overwintered females of Epi= 
lachna corrupta Muls. that complete a normal life pass through five per— 
iods," reports J. R. Douglass, Estancia, N. Mex.: "Prehibernation, 21 
days; hibernation, 257 days; emergence from hibernation to oviposition, 
8 days; oviposition, 37 days; and postoviposition, 4 days." 
FOREST INSECTS 
Sex ratio of mountain pine beetle.--W. D. Bedard, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, 
reports that "An examination of 4,010 adults of Dendroctonus monticolae 
Hopk. in the galleries of newly attacked white pine trees showed a ra-— 
tio of 3 females to 2 males. However, an examination of 2,500 new ad— 
ults previous to emergence from the old brood trees and after attack in 
the new host showed a sex ratio of 1 female to 1 male. Therefore, the 
matter of sex ratio need not be considered in predicting or accounting 
for increases of this bark beetle." 
Mountain pine beetle prefers larger trees.--"To determine the ex- 
tent of destruction occurring in a lodgepole pine stand owing to a moun— 
tain pine beetle infestation, a sample strip 4 1/2 miles long contain-— 
ing 36 acres was intensively examined on the Beverhead National Forest 
in 1932," reports L. G. Baumhofer, Coeur d'Alene. "The infestation has 
been present on the area for 6 years, is still very active, and will 
probably continue its destruction in the remaining stand for a number 
of years. The data secured by the 1932 examination indicate the compar— 
ative freedom of the smallest diameter classes from bark-beetle attack, 
both because of their greater resistance and the preference shown by 
the insect for the larger diameters. The large number of 'pitched out’ 
attacks, i.e., the trees which have provided so copious a flow of pitch 
as to wash out or drown the attacking bark beetles, in the diameter 
classes from 5 to 9 inches indicate the vigorous resistance of trees of 
this size to insect attack. These unsuccessfully attacked trees are 
still living and it is likely that many of them will constitute a fair 
portion of the residual stand," ° 
Mortality of western pine beetle.--J. A. Beal, W. J. Buckhorn, and 
J. M. Whiteside, Portland, Oreg., spent the greater part of January an-— 
alyzing samples of ponderosa pine bark in order to determine winter mor-— 
tality of broods of Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec. from forest areas in 
eastern Oregon and Washington, They report: "To date over 300 sam-— 
ples have been worked up and all living and dead larvae recorded. * * * 
about 60,000 insects have been examined * * * Brood mortality has 
varied somewhat with different areas, reflecting no doubt the differences 
in air temperature in different locations. Bark thickness is an impor— 
tant factor in modifying the degree of mortality, which is high for thin- 
bark trees and low for thick-bark trees." Total mortality in four local- 
ities ranged from 56 to 72 percent 
