in 1951 in connection with material received from southern Georgia, 
and this led to the establishment of a temporary laboratory at Thomas— 
ville for the study of the disease in cooperation with State officials. 
C. EB. Burnside, detailed to this work, reports that "The disease resembles 
European foulbrood in its gross symptoms. Worker, drone, and queen 
brood are killed, and among worker brood, larvae, prepupae, and pupae 
were found bees dead of the disease. No dead queen or drone pupae were 
found. * * * The new disease was first located in Suwannee County, Fla., 
where three heavily infected aplaries were found. In April several in-— 
fected apiaries were also found in southern Georgia in the vicinity of 
Haylow, Homer, and Valdosta." 
FRUIT AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 

Qil sprays must have high concentration to kill obscure scale on 
pecan.—-Howard Baker, in charge of the pecan insect laboratory at Shreve— 
port, La., has just submitted a comprehensive summary of the results ob-— 
tained in the spraying of pecan trees with various oils for the control 
of Chrysomphalus obscurus Comst. A high concentration of oil has been 
found necessary for the control of this scale insect. Whereas 2 to 3 
per cent of oil is usually effective with the San Jose scale, the ob- 
scure scale requires 4 to 6 per cent of similar oils. Unfortunately, the 
pecan tree has been found to be unusually Subject to injury by oil sprays. 
A 4 per cent oil spray is all that can be used with safety during the 
dormant season, unless the trees are in a vigorous, healthy condition, in 
which case 5 per cent or even 6 per cent of oil may be used. No "signif-— 
icant" differences have appeared among various oils tested, with viscosi- 
ties varying from 55 to 230 seconds Saybolt. 
Trichogramma strains vary in increase.-—-Herbert Spencer and Luther 
Brown, who are engaged in the production and colonization of parasites 
of pecan insects at Albany, Ga., report: "For several months four dif- 
ferent strains of Trichogramma have been reared side by side in this lab- 
oratory, under identical moisture and temperature conditions, and have 
been furnished at all times with an excess of host eggs for oviposition. 
The rates of increase of these four strains have differed so greatly, es— 
pecially after the arrival of hot weather, that we have practically had 
to abandon two strains." The report indicates that the females of the in- 
ferior strains were bright yellow, whereas the stronger strains were char- 
acterized by dark-colored females. The former were obtained respectively 
from shuckworm eggs in September, 1931, and from cutworm eggs in Febru— 
ary, 1932. The dark strains were obtained from cotton insect eggs in 
Arizona and from sugarcane borer eggs in Louisiana. 
Effect of different types of sprays on entomogenous fungi in Flori- 
da.--S. B. Hill, jr., W. W. Yothers, and Ralph L. Miller, Orlando, Fla., 
report the effects, after the lapse of eight months, of various arsenical, 
copper, and other insecticides on entomogenous fungi. These fungi are 
particularly useful in the control of the citrus white fly and also of the 
purple scale. The control of the white fly on unsprayed trees is given 
