) 
topping the new shoots when they are about 2 foot high you will get side branches 
which give more fruit per plant. Both red and black raspberries benefit from a de- 
layed dormant spray of Bordeaux mixture of 12-12-100, or lime sulphur 1-12 ap- 
plied in the spring just before buds open. Air circulation is important in maintain- 
ing healthy raspberry plantations. Low-lying planting sites protected by woodlots 
should be avoided and a_ fairly level location with good air drainage is 
recommended. 
' PLANTING AND CARE OF FRUIT TREES 
Preparing the tree is important. This consists of pruning the roots and top of 
tree before setting. A safe rule in pruning top is to cut back % of past season’s 
growth. The ends of the large roots should be made smooth with a sloping cut 
from a sharp knife. Always cut from the bottom of the root with an outward cut. 
If the roots seem dry when tree is receiv ed, or the ground is dry, stand the trees 
in a tub of water covering the roots, for 24 hours. In planting, the holes should be 
dug large enough to receive the root system without crowding. Firm the soil 
around the roots and when the hole is half full pour in a bucket or two of water 
and settle the soil around the rooty eliminating air pockets. Dirt settling away 
from new set roots on the under side cause more loss than any’ other cause in 
transplanting trees. After water is added fill balance of hole with drier soil to 
prevent caking or cracking of soil. A mulch is very beneficial to new set fruit 
trees. This is properly done by placing a layer of coarse manure or litter from 3 to 
‘6 inches thick about the tree, taking pains that it does not come in contact: with 
the body of the tree. Protect tree from rabbit injury by wrapping trunk with some 
material that will not bind the tree when growth begins. A good spacing for ap- 
ples is 306 to 40 foot each way; Cherry trees—_16 to 18 foot each way; Pear trees 
—15 to 18 foot each way; Peaches and Plums—15 to 20 foot each way. 
BOYSENBERRY 
The vines should be set in rows five feet’ apart and separated by a distance of 
three feet in row. In the north it is best to train the fruiting wood on a wire trel- 
lis in the spring, trimming out and removing all old fruiting wood each season. 
Leave the new runners on the ground during winter, and mulch to keep from freez- 
ing. This applies to localities where temperature goes below zero. 
GRAPES 
In all cases ‘they should be planted where they will have free exposure to sun 
and air. Plant the vines somewhat deeper than they stood in nursery row. ltcise 
preferable to dig individual holes for the plants, as when planting trees, making 
sure that the opening is large enough to admit the roots without cramping. Cut 
off several inches of roots when planting. Set vines about eight foot apart 
when planting along fence, etc., for vineyards make rows 8 foot apart with vines 
8 to 10 foot in row It is well to set a stake with each vine at planting. The first 
year, train one shoot up the stake, pinching off all others, and also any laterals 
that appear on the shoot being saved. The following. spring when vines. are. still 
