Next we look and see what we can do for our tomatoes. As 
long as no fruit is on the vines, we can ignore the Safety 
Factor ratings of toc, “4? eon Ou and Nay a So we can 
pick a compound that has the lowest “E.F.” rating along with 
the best “C.F.” rating. As worms are usually present (tomato 
fruitworm, pinworm and army worm), we want to use a 
material that is also effective against them. Obviously, Kilhex 
Dust-144% and Gamtox Wettable would be the logical materials 
to be used, as the material cost per acre is relatively low and 
the “C.F.” factor rating of 1+ indicates excellent control of 
aphids as well as the other insects that may be present. 
Suppose, however that the vines bear some mature or nearly 
mature fruit. In that case we would have to eliminate materials 
having a Safety Factor rating of “4” and “7”. This leaves us 
only thé nicotine dusts or sprays and rotenone. So, the final 
choice would have to be made from one of these materials. 
As a final example, let’s consider the potato aphid problem. 
A reference to the table showing ratings of factors, we find 
that any material marked with a Safety Factor rating of “7” 
cannot be used on potatoes because of the probable contami- 
nation of the tubers, even though tubers may not be present 
at the time of application. Any one of the remaining materials 
listed can be used with comparative safety. In the Homestead 
area, Kilphene 10 Dust and Alltox-Wettable No. 400 have 
been used last year with considerable success in the control 
of various insects infesting potatoes. (See page 61 under 
“Chlorinated Camphene’’). 
In summarizing, let us state that although an attempt has been 
made to provide a workable method for determining the proper 
type of insecticide to be used on various crops and under 
various conditions, it should be remembered that circumstances 
may develop which require special recommendations. Estab- 
lished local practices endorsed by experiment stations, county 
agents and other legitimate agencies will in some cases dictate 
the final choice of certain insecticides, when they are to be 
used under critical or unusual conditions. 
Another problem of course arises when combining one insecti- 
cide with another, or with a fungicide. Many of such combi- 
nations may be entirely compatible, while some are unpredictable 
as far as desired results are concerned. Again, we advise the 
growers to contact their nearest experiment station for guidance 
in such matters, or write to The Kilgore Seed Co. Laboratory, 
P. O. Box 6085, West Palm Beach, Florida. 
SANITATION 
The practice of sanitation is of such vital importance, that 
no grower can afford to ignore the subject. Yet, in many cases, 
serious losses result from a complete neglect of a few simple 
rules. Diseases will spread readily from sick to healthy plants 
by various means, depending upon the nature of the disease. 
Spores of many species of fungi are air or wind borne, while 
others may be scattered over fields in water, due to rain or 
irrigation. Insects play an important part in the dissemination 
of diseases, particularly those of the sucking type, such as 
aphids, thrips, etc. Certain cultural operations, as pruning, 
picking, transplanting, etc., are greatly responsible for the 
scattering of diseases, especially those caused by bacteria and 
viruses, mosaic being a specific example of the latter. 
Considering the methods of dissemination mentioned, it be- 
comes obvious that the source of the disease should be de- 
stroyed, if at all possible. Affected plants, as well! as dropped, 
decaying fruit, should be removed from the field and burned. 
Cultivation should be clean and frequent. Mechanical injury of 
plants by plowing, spraying or picking operations should be 
avoided as much as possible. Crop rotation is essential, provided 
that no other crop affected by the responsible diseases is grown 
for several years. This method often proves cheaper than an 
attempt to control the disease chemically. As weeds serve as 
host plants to many insects, which may be carriers of fungi, 
viruses, etc., the necessity of their eradication certainly becomes 
evident. Whenever practical, soil moisture should be kept fairly 
constant. Corrective measure should be adopted where soils are 
either too acid or too alkaline. 
SEED TREATMENT 
(For Disease Control) 
The following recommendations are suggested: 
Treatment for the prevention of damping off fungi: 
Oz. per Teaspns. 
Bu. per Lb. 
Beats, ima 2k ek Spergon 2 Wy 
Beans, Snap and Pole ......... Spergon 2 Vey 
Peas) English’ 3.9.2 ka Spergon 2 We 
Compeas 28 te ee Spergon yi % 
SweetyCorn. cet iee ka Arasan 2 Wy 
Breceolmts ssh eee Arasan Wy 
Cantaloupe «.2 be eee Spergon or Semesan 1 
Oarrots rate 2: Bl ee ae tees Spergon 34 
Celery: ree oe eee Spergon or Semesan 3 
Cabbage, Cauliflower, etc.....Arasan or Semesan Ww 
Cocumbena., 20.2 a. eer. Spergon or Semesan iL 
Evenlant <<) eae ee Semesan 34 
Fsearolle vehi ses eee Spergon or Semesan 1 
Letticecs seo) ee Semesan 1 
Pepperare. iets Semesan We 
Spinachipe wee hee oe cee Spergon or Arasan WY 
EOS LOO Ree ee ese ee ee Semesan i 
Watermelon, \aas os ne Spergon or Semesan 1 
The seed and seed treatment material should be thoroughly 
mixed together in a rotary drum mixer until all the seed are 
uniformly coated with the treatment material. In most cases 
this will take from three to five minutes at a speed of forty 
revolutions per minute. If Arasan is used on Beans and Peas 
use one-half as much as the Spergon recommendation. Do not 
use more material than recommended. Screen off excess dust. 
Bichloride of Mercury (Corrosive sublimate) treatment 
affecting organisms on surface of seeds: 
Cucumbers: Dilute 1:1000, immersing seed for 10 minutes. 
Less hard seeds: Dilute 1:1000, immersing seeds for 5 min- 
utes. 
For small quantities of seed dissolve 1 tablet in 1 pint of 
water. 
For larger quantities dissolve 1 oz. of the powder form in 
7% gallons of water. It is advisable to dissolve the powder 
in a small quantity (a pint or quart) of boiling water first. 
Place seed in loosely woven cloth bags (about one half full). 
Submerge bags in solution and stir with a stick to loose ad- 
hering bubbles. After soaking the proper length of time, re- 
move bags and drain thoroughly. Seed should be washed for 
15 minutes in several changes of water. Then spread in thin 
layers to allow to dry. 
Do not prepare solution of bichloride of mercury in metal 
containers. Only glass, earthenware or wooden vessels should 
be used. In working with the compound, the greatest caution 
should be exercised, as it is extremely poisonous. 
AMOUNTS REQUIRED PER ACRE 


CROP SPRAYING DUSTING 
Beans 75 to 125 gals. 15 to 30 lbs. 
Broccoli 75 to 150 gals. 15 to 40 Ibs. 
Cabbage 75 to 150 gals. 15 to 40 lbs. 
Cauliflower 100 to 200 gals. 20 to 60 lbs. 
Celery 75 to 150 gals. 15 to 40 lbs. 
Cucurbits 75 to 200 gals. 15 to 50 lbs. 
’ Eggplant 75 to 200 gals. 15 to 60 lbs. 
Peas 75 to 200 gals. 15 to 50 lbs. 
Peppers 75 to 150 gals. 15 to 40 lbs. 
Potatoes 75 to 175 gals. TSF toa O0 ml bss 
Strawberries oto 125-gals. 15 to 25: Ibs. 
Sweet Potatoes 75 to 200 gals. 15 to 50 lbs. 
Tomatoes 75 to 200 gals. 15 to 50 lbs. 
Turnips 75 to 175 gals. 15 to 40 lbs. 


NOTE: Amounts of spray or dust required depend chiefly upon 
stage of growth, variety of crop and severity of insect infestation 
or disease infection. 
Dilution table for Insecticides and Fungicides on page 65. 
peer 
General Offices and Mail Order Department, Plant City, Florida 51 
