4 TRANSPLANTING DIRECTIONS 

SPRAYING 
There are four distinct types of troubles to com- 
bat, ie; chewing insects, sucking insects, scale in- 
sects and fungous diseases. Chewing insects are con- 
trolled with a stomach poison, some form of arsenic 
(lead arsenate), sucking insects, (lice or aphids) by 
body contact poison, (nicotine) or miscible oil (kero- 
sene emulsion), and fungous diseases by lime-sul- 
phur solution or Bordeaux mixture. Be sure you 
know what you are spraying for since arsenate of 
lead will not control lice or apaida, nor will nicotine 
er kerosene emulsion control apple worms and 
neither of these will have any effect on apple scab 
or other fungous diseases. Lime sulphur is used as 
a dormant spray for scale insects and also for fung- 
ous. In spraying the apple, keep in mind the two 
main apple troubles, codling moth and apple scab, 
and in controlling these most other troubles are in- 
cidentally controlled. Lead arsenate and lime-sul- 
phur or Bordeaux mixture are the sprays to use. 
SPRAYING MATERIALS 
The most common and best form of arsenate used 
is “arsenate of lead.’’ This may be secured from 
jrug stores and seed and garden supply houses. 
Choroughly dissolve three pounds of paste arsenate 
of lead or 1%4 pounds of dry arsenate of lead in a 
small amount of water in a pail and add to fifty 
gallons of water or other spraying solution. 
Bordeaux mixture is prepared by dissolving four 
pounds of copper suena (bluestone), in a smal) 
amount of water and diluting to twenty-five gallons: 
slacking five to six pounds of good lime and adding 
water to make twenty-five gallons. These solutions 
should then be combined by pouring or dipping 
eprint td from each into a third vessel or spray 
tank. 
The commercial lime-sulphur is used almost ex- 
clusively by many fruit growers. This may be ob- 
tained from same sources as arsenate of lead or di- 
rect from manufacturers. To combine the fungous 
spray and the insect spray simply add the dissolved 
poisons to the fungeous solutions. 
Kerosene in its natural, undiluted state, is fatal 
to all insect and vegetable life, but properly prepar- 
ed may be used safely and with much benefit. Dis- 
solve a bar of Ivory soap in one gallon of hot water, 
then add two gallons of kerosene and churn it vig- 
orously until cool. If made right it is then like 
cream, and will keep indefinitely. For general use 
take one part of the mixture to ten parts water and 
use as a spray. Will be found very valuable in get- 
ting rid of aphis, mealy bugs, red spider, etc. May 
be used against any soft-shelled insect. 


Fig. 2 


Top properly Pruned 
and Cat Back, and 
Roots carefully spread 
Sure to Live 
SET ET ET 

Properly Planted. 
NOTICE—The above show the right and wrong way to plant trees. 
2 and you will have no trouble in making your trees grow. 
THIS IS THE SECRET OF SUCCESS. 
Be sure and remove label before tree begins to 
peda or it will be fatally injured through strangula- 
on. 
The above illustration presents vividly the differ- 
ence between correct and incorrect planting. In Fig. 
1 too small a hole has been dug, and the roots have 
been crowded into it in such a way that if the tree 
lives at all it will be at the cost of a great effort and 
loss of vitality. 
This is the method which is commonly practiced, 
and we cannot therefore too strongly warn our cus- 
tomers against it. 
The roots must have plenty of room, and great 
care should be exercised to have them as nearly as 
possible in the same position which they occupied 
in the nursery. 
In Fig. 2 the roots occupy this position, being 
carefully arranged, and the top has been properly 
trimmed, regardless of the great injury to the pres- 
ent appearance of the tree. In transplanting under 
the most careful management, so many of the fibrous 
roots which carry nourishment are destroyed that 
it is Mts essential that the top be correspondingly 
removed. 


Fig. 1 

Top Left without Pruning 
and Roots crowded 
together. 
Sure to Die 
SR Ee 


Improperly Planted. 
Plant and trim according to Fig 
FALL PLANTING 
When trees are set in autumn, a mound of earth, 
a foot or more in height, must be raised about the 
trees. This is very essential, as it keeps them from 
being swayed by the winds or thrown out by the 
frost during the winter. It should be removed in 
the spring. 
In sections where the winters are extremely se- 
vere, trees procured in the fall can be best cared 
for by covering the roots with earth during the win- 
ter and planting them in the spring. 
To insure success, select a spot where no water 
will stand aac f the winter, having no grass near 
to invite mice. ig a trench deep enough to admit 
one layer of roots, and sloping enough to permit the 
trees to lie at an angle of not more than 30° with 
the ground. Having placed one layer of the roots 
in this trench, cover them with mellow earth, ex- 
tending well up on the bodies and see that this is 
firmly packed. Then add another layer of trees, 
overlapping the first, and continuing as at first until 
all are beeled in. As soon as this is done, cover the 
tops so well with evergreen boughs that they will 
be thoroughly protected from winds, 
