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(Pinus sylvestris) 
(Picture at right) 
N CULTIVATION it is rather a small tree. Young 
trees are usually formal in outline, with a straight 
stem, branching regularly. In old age, with the loss 
of lower branches and the top branches increasing in 
size, it forms a flat, irregular growth. This gives the 
tree a very picturesque outline. In old specimens the 
bark may be described as cinnamon-brown or reddish, a 
characteristic which quite easily distinguishes this tree 
from the other Pines. 
It is useful for wastelands, as it grows well on dry, 
sandy soil where many other Pines cannot survive. 
The leaves are about three inches long, twisting into a 
loose spiral, and giving it a rather odd appearance. 
It is the best known Evergreen of the British Isles, 
where it formerly grew in a native state in Scotland. 
Here it is called “Scots Pine” or “Scots Fir.” 
This tree has been planted in the United States for a 
great many years and is a familiar sight throughout the 
great Central West, both in villages and around farm 
homes. 
One important reason why this tree has been so wide- 
fy planted is the unusual rapidity of growth. In this 
respect it ranks first among the Pines which grow in the 
vicinity of northern Illinois, at least. 
Austrian Pine 
(Pinus nigra) 
(Picture at left) 
HE one Pine which unquestionably stands 
in greatest favor, at least in the Middle West, 
is the Austrian Pine. Few trees show such 
remarkable resistance to the trying conditions of 
city planting. Gas and smoky atmosphere have 
little effect on its growth. It also proves very 
satisfactory for seashore planting. 
The numerous, rough branches are placed regu- 
larly around the tree and impart a massive ap- 
pearance. The rather long, rigid, dark green 
leaves are remarkably beautiful when viewed from 
a distance. It also adapts itself to almost every 
soil and situation, but prefers a rich, light loam, 
with a well drained subsoil and in such grows 
rapidly, and speedily forms a tree. Taking into 
account its rapidity of growth and the certainty 
with which it will produce an effect, and owing 
also, in a great measure, to the peculiar promi- 
nence of its general outline, we consider it un- 
rivalled. 
It has such a rich, deep, green color that it is 
known in some parts of Europe as the Black Pine. 
The needles are two in a sheath, straight and 
slender, and four to five inches long. 
In older trees which are planted in the open the 
branch spread often nearly equals the height. 
