PROTECTING COWS FROM FLIES. 123 
3. Application of tobacco powder and X. O. dust to destroy the flies. 
4. The application of repellants: 
(a) Ten to fifteen per cent. kerosene in water. 
(4) Fish oil with small admixture of carbolic acid. 
(c) Cotton seed oil two parts and pine tar one part. 
(7) Proprietary remedies: Shoo-Fly, Stop Fly, Eureka, Flyene, 
Sure Thing, Cow Ease, Cattle Comfort, Norwood Sanitary 
Fluid, Ely Fly Chaser, Ripley’s Fly Remover, Cypher’s Anti- 
fly Pest, Victor. 
Lifficiency of Proprietary Remedies.—In the Wisconsin report 
for 1899, Carlyle reports an experiment in protecting cows from 
flies. ‘‘ The horn fly is much more easily guarded against than 
the stable fly, since it may be kept away by spraying the cows 
with the various substances on the market for this purpose. 
With the stable fly, however, it is different. None of the. 
quack nostrums on the market nor any that we could com- 
pound seemed to have any virtue after they had been applied.’’ 
The Massachusetts Hatch Experiment Station reports trials 
with ten of these so-called fly removers. When applied to 
horses with an Aspinwall sprayer, four of these proved to be 
““quite satisfactory, and four were less satisfactory, and two 
were unsatisfactory.’’ In the four that were reported as quite 
satisfactory with horses, Shoo-Fly and Ely Fly Chaser, when 
applied to cows night and morning with a brush, proved ‘‘fairly 
effective in keeping off small flies, but not the large house fly.’’ 
Eureka was reported as ‘‘fairly satisfactory—weather cool, and 
trial consequently not as thorough as others.’’ FElyene was 
reported as being ‘‘very effective, keeping the flies off for a 
long time.’’ (Hureka and Flyene applied with a sponge. ) 
- During the past two years we have used one of the proprie- 
tary fly removers on the College herd. The repellant used is 
advertised as the original stock protector, and has been upon 
the market since 1885. It is claimed by the manufacturers to 
effect a saving, during the 120 days of fly time, of $14 in cash 
per cow, to say nothing of the milker’s comfort and of humanity. 
In 1902 the herd was divided into two divisions, care being 
taken to have the groups similar as to age, breed, period of 
lactation, and milk’ and butter fat production. The grain and 
silage ration was not changed during the trial, but there was a 
gradual drying up of the pasture. Each cow in both groups 
