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REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 9 
management of bacteria. In other words, the dairyman needs 
to be a practical bacteriologist. He must control the bacteria 
and prevent their becoming too numerous and active in the 
milk he sells. He must keep the wrong ones out of the cream, 
and make sure that it contains the right ones, if he is going to 
make the butter which will have the best flavor and bring the 
best price. How he shall do this, the science of bacteriology 
is beginning to show him. Fortunately, if he is careful to 
keep his stable, his cows, his milk vessels, and his dairy clean, ~ 
the bacteria which get into his cream will generally help him 
to make tolerably good butter. But he cannot always be sure 
that his butter will be the best, and sometimes it will be dam- 
aged despite the best care, unless he has some way of definitely 
controlling the bacteria. A great advantage of the species just 
Peemearto,| INO, 41°), 1s that it not: only produces a’ very 
desirable flavor, but also has the power of preventing, in some 
way, the action of species which cause bad flavors. 
The subject is comparatively new to science, and still newer 
- to practical dairying, but there is little room for doubt that 
researches like those now being carried on will bring great 
and constantly increasing benefit to the dairyman and to the 
public at large. 
The tests of yield and composition of milk have been made 
in connection with the studies of rations fed to milch cows 
referred to in the next paragraph. 
FOOD AND NUTRITION OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 
The investigations have included: (a) Analyses of feeding 
stuffs, with determinations of their fuel values; (6) Studies of 
rations fed to milch cows on dairy farms; (c) Digestion exper- 
iments with sheep; (d) Feeding experiments with sheep. 
In connection with the feeding experiments, a considerable 
number of analyses of feeding stuffs have been made. In each 
- specimen, the fuel value has been determined by the use of the 
bomb calorimeter. 
The studies of rations fed to milch cows. on representative 
dairy farms in the State, which have been described in former 
Reports, have been prosecuted during the past year and with 
results no less gratifying than those in previous years. They 
add new emphasis to the doctrine which the Station has taught 
