so STORRS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 
THE BY-PRODUCTS FROM OIL SHEDS. 
Cotton seed Meal,—This is a by-product from the manufacture 
of cotton seed oil. It has come into quite extensive use in New 
England as a feeding stuff and asa fertilizer within the past 
fifteen years. Its value as food depends mainly on the flesh- 
forming material or protein it contains. It is also rich in fat, 
but is lacking in carbohydrates (starch, sugar, etc.), and in 
fibrous material to give bulk. It cannot be fed to the best 
advantage unless it is mixed with some of the coarser fodders. 
rich in carbohydrates. ‘The value of cotton seed meal for the 
production of beef, milk, and butter is well established. It is 
one of the cheapest of the nitrogenous feeding stuffs, and is. 
especially valuable for balancing rations deficient in protein. 
It seems best to feed it mixed with other and lighter feeds like 
wheat bran and corn meal. Used in moderate quantities it 
has been found to increase the milk flow, to harden the butter, 
and to favor a more thorough creaming of milk by the gravity 
process. If fed in large amounts it may unfavorably affect the 
quality of the butter, especially the flavor, and endanger the 
health of the animal. The quantity that can be safely fed to a 
cow depends much upon the animal, and the amount of milk 
she is producing. Cows giving a large flow of milk have been 
fed as much as four or five pounds daily, without apparent 
injury. According to our experience two or three pounds per 
day is as much as can usually be fed with advantage to cows. 
of 800 to 1000 pounds live weight. When fed in much 
larger quantities than this, garget frequently develops. The 
use of cotton seed meal in feeding pigs, sheep, and horses has. 
not given as good results, and ina number of instances has 
caused serious injury. In several experiments in pig-feeding 
its use has been followed by the death of most of the animals in 
the course of from four to six months. 
Cotton seed meal varies much in composition. ‘The protein 
may range from 23 to 50 per cent., and the fat from 8 to 18 
per cent. The bright yellow meals, which are comparatively 
free from the ground hulls, are considered the best. 
Old Process Linseed Meal.—The oldest method of extracting 
oil from the flax seed was by pressure, and the feed formerly 
commion in the trade was known as ‘‘oil cake,’’ because this. 
by-product was sold in large cakes just as it came from the oil 
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