THE APPLE LEAF-MINER 39 
HISTORY, NAME AND DISTRIBUTION. 
This is apparently an American species. It was first de- 
scribed, in 1860, by Dr. Blackenridge Clemens’, who proposed 
its name, Tischeria malifoliella. Since that time it has received 
frequent mention in entomological literature, but has not been 
reported as doing serious damage. In 1871 Chambers’ found 
it in the neighborhood of Covington, Ky. In 1873 its occur- 
rence was reported in Germany®. In 1882 and 1883 it was re- 
ported in New York state by Lintner* and Brunn’. Weed’ 
found it abundantly in Illinois in 1869. Walsingham’ reported 
it in Texas in 1890; Lugger® in Minnesota, 1898; Petit’ in 
Michigan, 1899; Smith” in New Jersey, 1899; Fletcher™ in 
Ontario, 1903; Stewart” in Vermont, 1905. Excepting one 
account of its appearance in Texas and one in Minnesota, it 
has not been reported west of the Mississippi, and has appar- 
ently been most prevalent in New England, New York and 
Ontaria. 
WHY SO MANY NEW INSECTS. 
With the advent of every new pest comes the question. Why 
are there more insects now than formerly? Our parents and 
grandparents grew fine apples, and they gave no attention to 
insects and the troubles attendant on their treatment. A par- 
*Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1860, p. 208. 
eGan. int. 111.208 (1871). 
°Frey-Boll, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXXIV, p. 222 (1873). 
‘Rept, N. Y. State Ent., 1882, p. 330. 
"Rept. Cornell Univ. Exp. Sta., 1883, p. 155. 
°Rept. Ill. State Ent. 1880, p. 45. 
"Insect Life II, p. 326 (1890). 
®Minn, Exp. Sta. Pul. 61 (1808). 
*Mich. Exp. Sta. Bul. 180, p. 151 (1899). 
Rept. Ins. N. J., 1899, p. 482. 
“Rept. Entomologist Can. Exp. Farm, 1903, p. 193. 
eR epte VE Exp. ota, 1005. p. 313. 
