THE APPLE LEAF-MINER 4] 
FOOD PLANTS. 
While the insect is partial to the apple, we have found its 
mines on Blackberry and Haw (Crataegus). Chambers states 
that he “bred it from different species of Haw (Crataegus), 
Sweet scented crab (Pyrus coronaria), Blackberry (Rubus 
villosus) and Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) .” 
THE INSECTS WORK. 
When once familiar with the work of this insect, it is an easy 
matter to recognize its presence. Yellowish or brownish 
blotches are observed on the upper surface of the leaf (Figs. 
10, 12 and 17). Mr. Brunn has so accurately described the 
mine that we cannot do better than to quote him. “The mine, 
commencing in a glistening spot where the egg was laid, con- 
tinues for a short distance as a narrow line, gradually growing 
wider, and then suddenly broadening into an irregular expand- 
ed portion or “body of the mine,” the whole having a trumpet- 
shaped appearance. The color of the mine on the upper sur-- 
face is usually some shade of brown, although I have some- 
times observed it to be dirty white. From the under surface 
of the leaf the mine would hardly be observed unless held up 
towards the light or examined closely, when the mined por- 
tion of the leaf would be seen to be of a lighter shade of green 
than the rest. The linear portion of the mine on the upper 
surface is crossed by crescent-shaped patches of white, which 
in many cases are continued for a short distance into the body 
of the mine. Often the miner after commencing the body of 
the mine will'turn and eat around the linear portion, obliterat- 
ing that part and causing the mine to appear like a blotch mine. 
In such cases the white, crescent-shaped patches will be found 
somewhere in the body of the mine, indicating the position of 
the linear portion. These white markings are, however, want- 
ing in some instances; but as the color of the linear portion of 
the mine is a little darker brown than the rest, we can still tell 
where the. mine commenced.” 
