i aa oe a 
COMPOSITION OF NEW ENGLAND FEEDING STUFFS. 143 
- The fat forms fatty tissue, not muscle or tendon, and serves as 
fuel. 
The carbohydrates serve as fuel and may be transformed into 
fat. The amount of carbohydrates which exist as such in the 
body is very minute, and it might seem as though they would be 
of very little feeding importance, but they are one of the prin- 
ciple sources of animal heat and of muscular power, and may be 
transformed into fat, and thus stored in the body for future use. 
In supplying the body with fuel the protein, fat and carbohy- 
drates replace each other in nearly exact proportions to their 
potential energy or fuel value, which is measured by the heat 
produced when they are burned.* 
From experiment it has been found that each .or pound of 
protein or carbohydrates yields, when burned, about 18.6 calories 
of potential energy, and that each .o1 pound of fat yields 42.2 
calories. In the compilation of analyses of feeding stuffs which 
follows, the fuel values of the different foods have been obtained 
by the use of these factors. 
The table itself requires little explanation. ‘ Maximum” and 
“Minimum” represent in each case the largest and the smallest 
percentage of each ingredient found in any specimen of the 
material named. Hence, they do not show the composition of 
any one specimen, but rather the extreme percentages of each 
ingredient determined in the different specimens analyzed. Of 
course, they do not foot up to 100 per cent., but those for mini- 
mum fall below, and those for the maximum rise above Ioo. 
These figures are given in order to indicate, so far as the data 
will allow, the variations in composition that may be expected in 
feeding stuffs. 
The fuel values of one pound of each of the foods were calcu- 
lated by the use of factors, as explained above. 
*The number of analyses of New England grown milling pro- 
ducts is doubtless greater than given in the table herewith, but 
from the analyses as reported, it is in most cases impossible to 
distinguish between western grown and New England grown 
milling products. There is appended to the.table the average 
composition of the more commonly fed American milling and 
waste products as compiled by Dr. Jenkins and Mr. Winton. t 

* See Report of this Station for 1890, p. 177. 
+ Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 11, Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of 
Agriculture. 
