TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE. 63 
accompanied by care in building up the herd. Not only must 
the reacting animals be kept from contact with the healthy 
herd, but animals in the healthy herd that show any suspicious 
symptoms, cough, foul breath, nodules under the skin, dis- 
eased udders, swollen joints, etc., should be at once removed. 
At intervals of six months the tuberculin test should be re- 
peated in the healthy herd. Care should be exercised in pur- 
chasing new animals, and each fresh animal should be tested 
with tuberculin before being admitted to the herd. Strange 
cattle should be kept out of the barn and cattle-yards. All 
calves should be tested before being admitted to the herd, and, 
so far as possible, the calves that are retained should be those 
from healthy animals, which have probably greater resistance 
to the disease than those from reacting animals. This isolation 
should also be attended with care in regard to the health of the 
attendants, and, until we know more definitely that the variety 
of the bacillus found in man is different from that in cattle, it is 
eminently desirable that the attendants that wait upon the ani- 
mals or prepare their food should themselves be free from 
tuberculosis, and spitting in the barn or cowyard should be 
strictly forbidden. One bacteriologist goes so far as to say 
isolation will never be of practical use until the attendants 
themselves are tested with tuberculin and the reacting attend- 
ants isolated. 
Isolation should be accompanied by frequent disinfection. 
Before the non-reacting animals are put into a barn by them- 
selves this barn should be disinfected, and whenever the 
partition which separates the two herds’ from each other is 
removed, this should be accompanied by thorough disinfec- 
tion. Indeed, so long as there is any tuberculosis in the herd, 
disinfection of the cow stalls should follow at certain intervals. 
The details of this matter of disinfection must be left to a veteri- 
narian’s suggestion. 
Beyond question the farmer will be much aided in his 
struggle to build up a healthy herd if he can give his animals 
more air and light. Light is one of the means of destroying 
tubercle bacilli, and good fresh air and plenty of it is one of 
the best protections that the animal has against acquiring the 
disease. An animal that uses his lungs constantly, breathing 
large quantities of fresh air, is very much less likely to take the 
disease than one that uses the lungs not so vigorously and 
breathes more or less impure air. Better hygienic conditions 
will help keep a herd healthy, but the farmer must not believe 
