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APPLICATIONS OF BACTERIOLOGY IN EUROPE. 75 
MILK SUPPLY INSTITUTIONS. 
These various applications of our knowledge of dairy 
bacteriology to dairying, so far as concerns the general milk 
supply, are, at the present time, made chiefly either through the 
public inspector or by the formation of large milk supply com- 
panies. The supply companies are indeed more successful 
than the official inspectors. It is easy to understand that such 
companies can control the matter very much more easily than 
can any public authorities. Public law may make the rule 
that a cow with an udder disease shall not furnish milk to the 
public, but the individual farmer with little to hinder him 
can break the rule almost at will. When, however, a milk 
supply company makes such a rule and keeps inspectors fre- 
quently visiting the farms, the farmer knows that if he breaks 
the rule he will probably be discovered and lose the market for 
his milk. He is therefore very much more likely to follow the 
instructions given than when they come through public 
statute. The milk supply companies of the various cities in 
Europe are therefore adopting regulations of this sort more 
and more carefully each year, and as a result the character and 
quality of the milk furnished by these companies is improving 
each year. There is hardly a city of any size in Europe that 
does not have one or more of these large companies which 
furnish milk in large amount and whose milk has acquired an 
established reputation. | 
Probably the most noted of these milk establishments is 
one in Berlin, known as that of C. Bolle. The organization 
and the management of this establishment is unique. It is a 
large establishment, collecting and distributing about 70,000 
quarts of milk daily. This means a much larger patronage 
than it would mean in an American city, for the people in 
Berlin drink comparatively little milk, and the 70,000 quarts 
of milk mean nearly 300,000 patrons. The establishment of 
C. Bolle consists of a large number of fine buildings in the 
midst of the city. As one visits the institution he is especially 
struck, not so much with the methods of handling milk as 
with the methods of handling men. Perhaps the first room 
that he enters is a large hall, where there is held weekly a re- 
ligious service and where there are occasionally given fairs and 
entertainments of various kinds by the employes of the 
establishment. He learns presently that there is a school con- 
nected with the establishment, where the children of the em- 

