lower. One counts the buds on both spurs and canes. Each 
year the number of buds may be increased with the vigor of 
the vine. Each year the canes which produced the fruit are 
removed and a new pair--cane and spur--are laid down for the 
next crop. The best way to learn to prune properly is to 
watch someone who knows what he is doing--10 minutes of that 
will beat reading all the descriptions in the world. 
THE SPUR SYSTEM 

2 CrepinG Bees nyc Bacorgess re Bewsea nine 
SEcone Senso THR Sercom Fovarn Season Fern Seasoe 
One sees that regardless of the training system to be 
used, the pruning at the beginning and end of the first sea- 
son are identical. In the spur system, which cannot be used 
successfully with most American hybrids, the vine is headed 
at the lower wire and spurs of two buds each are left, two 
or more, depending on the variety and vigor. As the vine ine 
creases in capacity, more are left, until a strong vine may 
carry a great number of buds. 
THE HORIZONTAL CORDON 

BEGINN tte BEE NHING OF Beginnine ef 
SecwUS Sense THe Season Fourth Scasen 
This may be single or double, that is, a single long erm 
tn one direction; or two shorter arms, one in each direction. 
The method of establishment is shown in the sketch. One prunes 
by leaving two new buds on each spur, which are thus gradually 
extended. If they become too long, the arm is renewed from a 
cane growing in a suitable location. The double system has an 
advantage here, as one side may be renewed at a time. 
The Spur and Cordon systems are perfectly adapted to most 
of the French-American hybrids and should be used whenever short 
pruning is indicated for any ett Ae fe 
