56 
brown sole and black ray with the surmullet and 
gold fish : among crustacea, the dark-coloured crabs 
and crayfish, with others of violet, yellow, and pink 
colours: amongst insects, many black and brown 
beetles, moths, and even butterflies, with others of 
their kind, the most splendid in colour of all the ob- 
jects in creation. Amongst the mollusca, the actinize 
may be contrasted with many swarthy slugs, the 
common river muscle and the common periwinkle, 
buccinum Anglicum, with helix ianthina, the purple 
snail, the trechus pharaonis, cones, olives, &c. the 
common oyster with bright-coloured spondyli and 
pectines: and among plants many lurid and livid 
fungi and lichens, the atropa bella donna, plantain, 
carrot, and parsnip, with the rose and the tulip and 
the ranunculus; the burdock and hemlock with 
dahlia and the holyoke. 
Eyes. 
Animals of different classes, as well as plants, ex- 
hibit other analogies, in other relations to light. Of 
these relations the most important amongst animals 
are found in the variously modified structure of the 
eye. Some require, and rejoice in, the meridian 
splendour of the sun, some in the penumbra of even- 
ing, some in utter darkness. Of the beasts of prey, 
some pursue and devour, partly, not wholly, by day, 
and sleep partly by night; as wolves, almost all the 
dog kind, not excluding foxes. Although they all 
love to bask indolently in the sunshine, they lose no 
opportunity of seizing their prey within view. Yet 
