26 
as the land crab4, scorpion, and scolopendra to the 
lobster and cray fish; as the bee and butterfly to 
the gyrinnus natator, hydreena, dytiscus hydrophi- 
lus®, &c. or the tarantula to the diving spider; as 
the helix pomatia to the medusa; as the oak and 
thorn to the fucus and alga. 
Climate. 
Britain is too cold for the giraffe, too hot for the 
4 Some crabs appear to prefer fresh to salt water; some live 
almost woolly on land; some live and burrow in banks near the 
sea, but never enter it, and even die when plunged into it. See 
Mr. Broderip’s Essay on the habits of Paguri, Zoological Journal, 
No. XIV. 1828, p. 207. In the same number is a very curious 
account, by Dr. Hancock, of fishes, &c. in Demerara; particu- 
larly of a fish called callichthys littoralis, which by peculiarities of 
organization is enabled to travel to a great distance, and during 
a whole night, over land. ‘* I have ascertained,” he says, ‘* that 
the flat head hassar will live many hours out of water, even when 
exposed to the sun’s rays. The Indians say they carry water with 
them for a supply on their journey. Their motion is said to re- 
semble that of the two-footed lizard. They project themselves 
forward on their bony arms, which form the front of each pecto- 
ral fin, and advance by the elastic spring of the tail.” Some aqua- 
tic mammalia are wholly maritime, as trichecus rosmarus, phoce, 
&c.; some belong to fresh water, as the rat, the common otter, 
and beaver. Thus among birds the albatross and puffin are 
marine; the brown diver and water hen fresh water inhabitants ; 
the turtle and hydrus are oceanic; the crocodile and natrix flu- 
viatiles ; the turbot and dory of salt, the trout and chub of fresh 
water ; monoculi pycnogonides of salt, gyrini of fresh water. So 
also the nautilus, conus, &c. are of salt, the planorbis and limnea 
of fresh water: and among plants, fuci, alge, and confervz, live 
wholly in marine, stratiotes, water milfoil, &c. only in fresn 
water. 
© See Kirby and Spence, vol. iv. p. 500. 
