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in the East Indies. Some of these are, by their 
muscular strength and “powerful horns, an overmatch 
for the largest beasts of prey. They have multiplied 
to a countless extent in the wide pampas or plains 
of South America, where they derive their origin 
from cattle imported from Europe. Horses also are 
there almost equally abundant ; although the abori- 
ginal inhabitant of the adjoining forests, the solitary 
jaguar, rarely attended even by his mate, is found 
to range without a rival of his own kind, in a por- 
tion of the wilderness of more than a mile, perhaps 
of several miles, in extent. 
The cat kind, lions, tigers, the puma, felis con- 
color, called the American lion, and felis onca or 
jaguar, panthers, and leopards, are solitary animals. 
The lion is rare in Asia, but the race is still nume- 
rous in Africa. The tigers of India are numerous 
in the extensive and dense reedy jungles, but each 
attacks his prey singly, never in a pack. Their 
range is limited, and their numbers are thinned, no 
doubt, by the advancement of civilization: and the 
attacks of man are facilitated by the solitary habits 
of his ferocious enemy: for against an equal num- 
ber of tigers acting in concert, an army, even with 
musketry and field artillery, would perhaps be in a 
state of peril. Wolves indeed hunt in packs, as we 
may remember from our Robinson Crusoe days ; 
but they do not unite except when urged by general 
famine. Jackals hunt in packs; foxes singly. They 
produce at a birth as follows: the lion about four ; 
the cat three to six; the wolf and dog tribes four to 
