103 
eight: the horse, the deer, the sheep, the cow, rarely 
more than one. Swine produce litters more than 
once in a year from twelve to eighteen in a brood’. 
Rabbits breed six or seven times in a year, pro- 
ducing six or eight young. Hares once a year, 
producing from two to four. The power of man 
cannot be the sole cause which prevents the beasts 
of prey from outnumbering the more defenceless 
ruminantia and rodentia, for the cattle of the pam- 
pas and the antelopes of Africa are innumerable, 
although the puma and the jaguar, the lion and the 
leopard, satiate their hunger amongst their herds, 
afar from all human invasion. ‘The tiger is said to 
wage war with his own kind, and with the lion, 
and to kill his own offspring: a fact rather, unfor- 
tunately, adverse to Juvenal’s poetical remark, Sat. 
15— 
Indica tigris agit rabida cum tigride pacem 
Perpetuam. 
But Pliny’s affirmation, ‘ Leonum feritas inter se 
non dimicat,” seems to be more justifiable. As, how- 
ever, the lion seeks his prey alone, it is probable 
that a fatal conflict would take place with another 
which should intrude to share his feast. The scanty 
numbers of beasts of prey, compared with those of 
¢ « A sow produced 350 young in twenty litters.” Stark. They 
have twelve mamme in two rows, six op each side. Pliny says, 
«* Suilli pecoris—partus bis anno: tempus utero quatuor men- 
sium: numerus foecunditatis ad vicenos: sed educare tam multos 
nequeunt.”” 
H 4 
