113 
served, raises an artificial structure for its eggs. 
Vipers burrow in light vegetable soil, or in sand- 
banks. Snakes in heaps of rotting vegetables. Most 
fish, even those which inhabit the deepest waters, 
come during the breeding season to the shore, to de- 
posit spawn. The spawn is generally protected by 
a jelly-like soft envelope; sometimes by a tough 
skin; sometimes by a square horny bag. The genus 
raia, to which the torpedo and the skate belong, is 
not very fertile; produces but one young at a time, 
instead of a multitude in a mass, and this is enclosed 
in a black four-cornered bag. The genus squalus, 
to which the shark and dog-fish belong in the same 
way, each being enclosed in dark brown bags, with 
long sete or threads at the corners. These bags of 
the dog-fish are found frequently among the sea- 
weeds on our coast. Amongst the crustacea, some 
species of the genus Cancer bury their eggs in the 
sea sand. The lobster and crayfish, it is well known, 
carry them under their tails. ‘Spiders enclose their 
eggs in downy bags, which are found hanging in 
corners of unswept apartments and on houses. Some 
carry these bags about with them. Scorpions lurk 
in holes of walls and hollow timber. Of insect ar- 
chitecture, nothing need be said in this place. The 
solid substantial edifices of the Termite ants, and 
those of more than one species well known at home; 
the various combs of the bee tribes, duly and forci- 
_bly demonstrate the operation of a guiding Power, 
independent of reason and of instruction, which di- 
rects these creatures, who, by the inevitable condi- 
I 
