125 
tired and reluctant, by loud menaces and blows with 
a whip, which he said were necessary to maintain 
his authority®. Moral analogies are no doubt often 
questionable, are sometimes invidious: sometimes 
however they may suggest useful thoughts ; witness 
the Fables of Ausop. Freedom from restraint is al- 
most inseparable from ferocity of character in beast 
and in man. Subjugation of temper and obedience 
to law are not impressed on lions or on nations with- 
out coercion. A Pericles, a Cesar, a Cromwell, a 
Napoleon, are whips in the hand of Providence. 
The ungodly, Lord! says the Psalmist, is a sword 
of thine. 
Benefit or Injury to Man and to each other. 
I shall, in conclusion, observe, that in plants and 
in all classes of animals, this important analogy is 
traceable, is indeed conspicuous, is irresistibly forced 
on our attention; namely, that almost all of every 
class stand either in the relation of benefit or of in- 
jury to others of the same class, or to many of other 
classes. 
It is manifest to all, that the vitality of plants and 
animals is possessed by each individual but for a de- 
finite portion of time. 
No chemist will pretend that any of the laws by 
which bodies subjected to his experiment are com- 
° On the other hand, see an interesting account of the indo- 
mitable ferocity of the grisly bear, p. 121. of the Tower Mena- 
gerie, with portraits of animals by W. Harvey, engraved on wood 
by Branston and Wright. 
