THE FAIRY-LAND OF SCIENCE. 
forms, water and ice, and speak of them as sculp- 
tors. 
To understand why they deserve this name we 
must first consider what the work of a sculptor is. If 
you go into a statuary yard you will find there large 
blocks of granite, marble, and other kinds of stone, 
hewn roughly into different shapes ; but if you pass 
into the studio, where the sculptor himself is at work, 
you will find beautiful statues, more or less finished; 
and you will see that out of rough blocks of stone he 
has been able to cut images which look like living 
forms. You can even see by their faces whether they 
are intended to be sad, or thoughtful, or gay, and by 
their attitude whether they are writhing in pain, or 
dancing with joy, or resting peacefully. How has all 
this history been worked out from the shapeless stone? 
It has been done by the sculptor's chisel. A piece 
chipped off here, a wrinkle cut there, a smooth sur- 
face rounded off in another place, so as to give a gentle 
curve; all these touches gradually shape the figure 
and mould it out of the rough stone, first into a rude 
shape and afterward, by delicate strokes, into the form 
of a living being. 
Now, just in the same way as the wrinkles and 
curves of a statue are cut by the sculptor's chisel, so 
the hills and valleys, the steep slopes and gentle curves 
on the face of our earth, giving it all its beauty, and 
the varied landscapes we love so well, have been cut 
out by water and ice passing over them. It is true 
that some of the greater wrinkles of the earth, the 
lofty mountains, and the high masses of land which 
rise above the sea, have been caused by earthquakes 
