248 LIFE AND HER CHILDREN. 
them together into cases, in which they live, feeding 
under cover of the little house, which they enlarge 
from time to time, and use later on to shelter their 
chrysalis. It is worth noticing that these cater- 
pillars, living in a case, do not need broad false-feet 
to clasp the stems, so these are reduced to quite small 
cushions, with a ring of strong hooks to hold fast 
to the case. Then there are the leaf-rolling cater- 
pillars, which twist up the margins of leaves, and use 
their silk to bind them into tubes for their resting- 
places, while the huge caterpillar of the Goat-moth 
gnaws its way into the old trunks of willows and 
elms, and after feeding and tunneling there for three 
years, creeps just under the bark, and gums together 
a cocoon of. powdered wood lined with soft silk, in 
which it lies safe and snug till transformed into the 
large and beautiful moth. 
It would require a whole volume to trace out the 
many devices of the moth-caterpillars to escape their 
enemies ; and to find shelter from wind and weather 
during their retreat from the world, in some cases of 
weeks,, and in others of many months. But, with 
the exception of the Goat-moth, all those of which 
we have spoken feed openly as long as they are 
caterpillars on the leaves of trees and plants, and 
have no special means beyond their green or brown 
colour, or sometimes their nauseous flavour, for elud- 
ing their persecutors. It remained for the tiny Leaf- 
miners to find out the plan of living between the 
two sides of a leaf, and so eating their way peacefully 
in covered galleries. These little caterpillars coming 
out of their eggs on the under side of a rose-leaf, or 
honeysuckle leaf, bore at once into it, and creep 
