For commercial planting we recommend rows 12 feet 
apart and vines 8 feet apart in the row, or 7 feet apart 
in the row if the soil is sandy and not so strong and the 
vine may be expected to be less vigorous. A 12-foot space 
between rows gives sufficient room for raisin drying or 
for entering the vineyard with a truck that will haul a 
6-ton load, such as is used for hauling Table Grapes to 
the packing house. Turning space at the ends of the rows 
should also be provided. Any less space than 12 feet 
usually makes close work for a truck. One might narrow 
the space between wine grape rows down to 10 feet and 
confine himself to the us of a vineyard truck and team 
or a sled and tractor, but this is probably only advisable 
where the land will not grow a vigorous vine. Planted 
7 feet or 8 feet apart in the rows, the vines naturally 
spread out in the space between the rows where the irri- 
gation furrows are, and 450 vines to the acre is about 
enough for good land that receives irrigation. For the 
home garden, especially where space is limited, one can 
plant vines 8x8 feet, or against fences, on trellises, arbors, 
etc., to suit his convenience and purpose. Such plots, if 
planted closely, can be pruned and fertilized heavily and 
thus maintain proper growth. 
If the vines are dry on arrival, place them in a tank of 
water for 12 to 24 hours, to revive them. They are not 
easily hurt and will revive in water even if the roots are 
wrinkled. Usually this is not necessary, due to our care- 
ful packing. 
After planting, no pruning need be done until the 
Spring following planting. If the growth has been small, 
the tops are pruned exactly like rooted cuttings before 
planting. All the canes are removed entirly, except the 
strongest, and this is cut back to two buds. Any vines 
which have made a strong growth and possess at least one 
cane of which sufficient length is well ripened, may be 
pruned for tieing up. All the canes are removed entirely, 
except the strongest, and this is cut back to about one or 
two inches below the top of the stake. The top cut is 
made through or close above a bud. In the case of high 
staked vines, that is, on 542, 6 or 7-foot stakes, the vines 
can be headed lower, say at a uniform height of one foot 
below the top of the stake, and later one cane trained to 
the right and one to the left along the top wire. Our obser- 
vation leads us to advise never to grow vines on the cordon 
system; there is too much old wood to support. The cross- 
arm system is much better. 
