Strawberry Clover (Trifolium Fragiferum) . 
4 to 5 pounds per acre. A low-growing 
perennial pasture legume, spreading vege- 
tatively by creeping stems that root at the 
nodes. The leaves, stems and habit of 
growth are similar to white clover. 
It is adapted to a wide range of condi- 
tions and has been successfully estab- 
lished in most of the Western States. 
It is of particular value on wet saline or 
alkaline soils, although it will thrive in 
normal soils. Will also thrive under wide 
extremes of temperatures, ranging from 
40 degrees below zero to high summer 
temperatures. 
Spring seeding is recommended on a 
firm, moist seed bed. 
White Sweet or Bokhara Clover (Meli- 
lotus Alba). 20 pounds per acre. A bien- 
nial having a strong tap root, produces 
numerous leafy stems, growing from 4 
to 6 feet in height when firmly estab- 
lished. Grows readily on practically all 
types of soils. Endures poorly drained 
soils better than Alsike, used mainly as a 
pasture plant and for green manure. 
Yellow Sweet Clover (Melilotus Offici- 
nalis). 20 pounds per acre. A biennial 
having the same habit sof growth as the 
White Sweet, requiring the same soil and 
climatic conditions. Stems are less leafy 
and smaller in size. The plant does not 
grow quite as tall and is about two weeks 
earlier. 
Yellow Sweet Clover Annual (Melilotus 
Indica). 20 pounds per acre. Known as 
Yellow Blossom sour clover. Not recom- 
mended for forage or hay, used almost 
entirely for cover crop. Soil requiremnts 
same as other sweet clovers. 
Subterranean Clover (Trifolium Subterra- 
nean). 12 to 15 pounds per acre. The 
name of this clover is derived from its 
habit of pushing the seed head into the 
soil sometimes to a depth of two inches, 
where the seeds mature and germinate 
when favorable conditions develop. 
Subterranean Clover is an annual that 
starts growth in the fall or late winter. 
The stems are prostrate, assuming the 
form of runners. The leaf is similar to that 
of other clovers. The flower heads usually 
bear three small white to pinkish white 
flowers in a cluster at the tip of the stalk. 
A single seed develops from each flower. 
The mature seed is dark purple, about 
double the size of a crimson clover seed. 
Under Pacific Northwest conditions this 
clover probably requires for survival, at 
least 20 inches of rainfall during the fall, 
winter and spring, and the temperatures 
remaining above 10 degrees Fahrenheit. 
The plant does not appear to be tolerant 
of poor drainage. It will thrive on soils 
that are quite acid. 
This plant starts growth much earlier 
in the spring than other legumes. 
White Dutch Clover (Trifolium Repens) . 
8 pounds per acre. A long-lived but 
shallow-rooted perennial. The stems creep 
on the surface of the ground and root 
abundantly. On this account the growing 
point is seldom injured by mowing or 
30 
grazing. Grows in practically all types of 
soil provided moisture is abundant, thriv- 
ing best in loams and clay soils. White 
Clover is considered to be one of the 
most important pasture plants, generally 
used in pasture mixtures and is also used 
to a large extent in lawn grass mixtures. 
COVER CROP SEED 
Austrian Winter Field Peas. A true win- 
ter variety. Plants resulting from fall seed- 
ing pass through a definite period of win- 
ter dormancy before growth begins in the 
spring. The plants are viny, generally 
similar to other varieties of field peas, 
under average conditions attain a length 
of 3 to 4 feet. The blooms are purple. The 
peas are very hardy, zero temperatures 
do little damage unless freezing and thaw- 
ing periods are severe. They are adapted 
to well drained clay and sandy loams. The 
Austrian pea is used for all types of forage 
such as hay, silage, soiling and pasture. 
Canadian Field Peas. Quite similar to the 
Austrian Winter Field Pea. The stems and 
leaves are somewhat larger and the blooms 
are white. The variety is not winter hardy, 
being adapted only to moderate tempera- 
tures. They do best on loams or clay loams 
but will succeed on most types of soil if 
well drained. 
The Canadian Field Pea is used for prac- 
tically the same purposes as the Austrian 
in general farming. Both varieties are 
usually sown with a small grain crop. 
Vetches make excellent feed, either green 
or as hay, and are also exceedingly use- 
ful as cover and green manure crops. They 
are usually seeded with grain, oats being 
the favorite for the reason separation is 
easily made when harvesting vetch for a 
seed crop. 
Common Vetch. The most important an- 
nual legume grown in Oregon, used ex- 
tensively as a green feed crop for spring 
and summer, also makes an excellent ma- 
nure and cover crop. Vetch is best suited 
to a moist climate free from extremes of 
heat or cold during the growing season. Is 
adapted to heavy, well drained soils. The 
stems are slender, growing from 3 to 5 
feet or more in length, with about 7 pairs 
of leaflets and a terminal tendril. The 
flowers are violet purple, rarely white, 
and are borne in pairs on a very short 
stalk. 
Hungarian Vetch. A fine stemmed annual 
making a semi-erect growth from 214 
to 4 feet in length and somewhat hairy 
overall. The flowers are brownish white 
in color and are borne in groups of from 
2 to 8. Hungarian Vetch is quite winter 
hardy and is adapted to a wide range of 
soils; lands with poor drainage and lands 
that are heavy, sour and white will often 
produce crops of Hungarian Vetch while 
other crops have failed. 
Hairy Vetch, also known as Sand Vetch. 
The stems are slender, usually growing to 
an average length of 6 to 8 feet. The 
leaves are narrow, violet blue, borne on 
long stems in dense one-sided clusters of 
about 30. Hairy Vetch is quite winter 
hardy, rarely winter killing if well estab- 
lished in the fall; adapted to a wide range 
of soils, doing best on sandy or sandy 
loams but does not succeed in very wet 
soils. 
PASTURE GRASS SEED 
Brome Grass (Bromus Inermis) . 20 pounds 
per acre. A long-lived perennial with a 
creeping root - stock. These are much 
branched, roots at the joints and produces 
numerous upright stems. The stems are 
rather stout, from 1 to 4 feet high, and 
carry many spreading, broad, smooth 
leaves varying from light to dark green. 
The upright stems produced are scattered, 
therefore, the plants are not tufted but 
form loose mats. Brome Grass is adapted 
to regions of rather low rainfall, endures 
winter cold remarkably well and no other 
cultivated perennial grass has shown a 
higher degree of drouth resistance. Prefers 
rich loams and clay loams and has suc- 
ceeded well in sandy soils. 
Cheat or Chess (Bromus Secalinus). A 
smooth annual grass from | to 3 feet tall 
with flat blades and open, drooping 
panicles, sometimes grown as an annual 
hay crop, and should be cut when the 
seed is in the dough stage. Adapted to 
the same soil conditions as wheat. The 
plants are similar to those of wheat and 
formerly the idea was held that cheat was 
a degenerative or changed form of wheat, 
whence its name. 
Cested Wheat Grass (Agropyron Crista- 
tum). 15 pounds per acre. A_ hardy 
drouth-resistant perennial bunch grass 
having an extensive root system, espe- 
cially adapted to regions where the tem- 
peratures are severe and the moisture 
supply is limited. The plants have a dense, 
dark green foliage during the early part 
of the season. After seeding the plants 
appear less leafy but the stems are fine 
and when harvested early make hay of 
excellent quality. Does well on practically 
all soils ranging from light sandy loam to 
heavy clay. 
Fescue Alta (Festuca Elafor Var. Arun- 
dinacea). 12 to 14 pounds per acre. A 
deep-rooted, long-lived perennial grass, 
having numerous dark green basal leaves. 
Attains heights of 3 to 414 feet. 
It has a wide range of climatic adapta- 
tions and grows on a diversity of soils, 
preferring fertile, moist, rather heavy land, 
but will thrive on most Oregon type soils. 
It is very winter hardy and will tolerate 
poorly drained» conditions, surviving in 
standing water for long periods during the 
winter when the plants are semi-dormant. 
Fescue Alta is an extremely popular 
grass because of its excellence in pastures, 
high yields of forage, deep root system 
and long growing season. 
It may be either fall or spring planted. 
Fall planting considered best for Western 
Oregon. 
Fescue Meadow (Festuca Elatoir). 20 
pounds per acre. A deep-rooted, long- 
lived perennial. The stems are 18 to 24 
inches high, smooth, rather slender. Most 
of the leaves are produced by numerous 
sterile shoots from the root stock. The 
leaves are dark green, long and broad. 
Prefers rich, moist or even wet soils; does 
