1896.] Anthropology. 528 
expedition informs me that “ the fossil shells are not all recent species 
since even the level plains about twenty to twenty five miles from the 
coast contain fossil mollusea (Amusium mortoni, from Cenotes near 
Merida, Turritella perattenuata and Turritella apicalis from R. R. cut 
one-half mile east of Tekanto. Ostrea meridionalis and Arca species 
undetermined, from a digging near Merida and Lucina disciformis) not 
now known to be living, and which make part of the Floridian forma- 
tion (the typical Pliocene of the United States). Furthermore in 
the Sierra which contains the caves, a number of fossil forms have 
been found the determination of which is rather doubtful, but which 
Tal 
Bl ded 
$8 
a 
Fig. 3. The various kinds of ground plans used in Maya (ancient Yuca- 
tecan) temples. 
(a) Single chamber building with plain door. 
(6) Single chamber temple with wide doorway and two square columns. 
(c) Two chamber temple with wide doorway and round columns and the 
Sanctuary with single plain doorway. 
(d) Two chamber temple, the vestibule with simple doorway and the Sanc- 
tuary with three doorways and a low altar. 
(e) Four chamber temple Palenque type, the vestibule with three entrances 
and two squarish piers, the Sanctuary with tablet chamber, and two small 
lateral chambers. 
(f) Three chamber temple, Chichen Itza type, the vestibule entered by 
wide portel with two serpent columns, this Sanctuary enlarged by introducing 
two square columns to support the triple vault, and a long gallery with three 
doorways extending behind. 
may be of early Pliocene or even of Miocene Age.” Professor Pilsbry 
of the Academy of Natural Sciences and Mr. C. W. Johnson of the 
Wagner Institute say further after examination of the shell bearing 
rock specimens brought home by the Expedition above mentioned 
and now in the Academy of Natural Sciences, that “ the shells indicate 
late Pliocene but by no means Plistocene Age, the presence of several 
characteristic Pliocene species Turritella (2 species) Fulgur rapum. 
Pecten eboreus Amusium mortonii, and Ostrea meridionalis pre- 
venting the possibility of the rocks being assigned to a later Epoch 
than the Pliocene while the fossils extinct and still existing considered 
together, indicate that the formation was contemporaneous with the 
Floridian formation of Prof. Heilprin.” 
