fee, HOW TO IDENTIFY NEW ZEALAND BIRDS 
Gulls. . Skuas. 
Black Back Southern 
Mackerel 
Terns. 
Waders. Caspian 
Dottrel, N.Z. Little White 
Godwit, Bartailed White-fronted 
Oystercatcher, Pied 
Knot Pigeon, N.Z. 
Turnstone 
Gulls are mainly sea birds with long wings, 
webbed front toes, and small hind toe. They have 
slightly hooked bills and even tails. Terns have long 
slender bills, forked tails and short legs. 
Skuas have hooked bills and wedge-shaped tails. 
Sexes are alike. Young soon able to run, but food 
provided by parents. Food chiefly fish, crustaceans, 
Ste, 
Pigeons are land birds with four unwebbed toes | 
and short legs, small heads. Sexes alike. Young 
helpless and fed by parents. Food chiefly vegetable. 
Waders are mainly shore birds; legs usually long, 
three front toes strong, hind toe insignificant or 
absent, wings pointed usually, tail short. Sexes 
generally alike. Young run and feed themselves 
almost immediately. Food, insects, worms, ete. 
SUB-ORDER CUCULI (Cuckoo-shaped). ° 
Shining Cuckoo Long-tailed Cuckoo 
Wings long, legs short, two front and two hind 
toes; tail long. Sexes alike. Young helpless, fed by 
foster parents. Food chiefly insects. 
GRUIFORMES (Crane-shaped). 
Three front toes long and slender, not webbed; 
hind toe short. Body narrow, wings short and 
rounded. Sexes usually alike. Young run or swim 
