THE BUTTERFLIES OF CEYLON 15 
series in the British Museum collection, and in my own, bear 
this out. Some writers have treated them as seasonal forms 
of tambra, but De Nicéville described the black form as M. 
aswa var. suyudana. I have so far failed to get the female 
to lay eggs in captivity. 
The black form is seldom seen out of jungle, where it 
settles in the heaviest undergrowth, but the red one is com- 
mon in cultivated land, and seems to be particularly fond 
of the shade of jak trees, and its under side, when settled, 
matches the dead leaves well. In habits otherwise they are 
similar to /eda, flying little by day, but coming out at dusk, 
and coming readily to sugar after dark. 
I have specimens from Haldummulla, Kandy, Ratnapura 
and Kottawa. 
27. EELYMNIAS HYPERMNESTRA FRATERNA, E. Elymnias 
undularis fraterna, B.; Elymnias fraterna, M.; Elymnias 
undularis var. fraterna, De N., E. 
Peculiar to Ceylon but is a race or variety of hypermnestra, 
from India, Burmah and Java. Hypermnestra is an older 
name than undularis. 
De Nicéville says: “ E. fraterna is nothing more than a 
local variety of E. undularts ; the females are indistinguish- 
able but the males have the ferruginous border of the hind 
wing narrower and brighter, and scarcely any trace of the 
bluish marks on the fore wing, the under side is also paler. ”’ 
Bingham says the ¢ differs in having the terminal margin 
of hind wing ochraceous, not chestnut. @ has the oblique 
pre-apical white band on fore wing narrow, its margins even. 
The males in Ceylon are extremely variable. In those in 
my collection the width of the ferruginous band, taken at 
the widest spot, viz., vein 4, varies from 6 to 10 mm. In one 
the fore wing is entirely blackish-brown, with no trace of blue. 
In a second the colour is the same, with three very 
conspicuous elongated sub-apical blue spots. In a .third 
there is a terminal marginal border of ferruginous, narrowing 
from. the apex to the tornus, and two faint sub-apical blue 
treaks. Ina fourth there is a complete row of sub-terminal 
