92 THE BUTTERFLIES OF CEYLON 
wing also varies much in width and colour. In specimens 
from the north this band is usually yellow or pale orange, in 
those from the south it is almost always deep orange. In 
Ceylon the ground colour of the female is, I believe, always 
yellow, slightly paler than that of the male. 
It is an insect of the dry low-country, but in some years it 
joins in the flights in November-December, and may then be 
found anywhere. I have known it then common at Haldum- 
_mulla, Peradeniya, and Galle, none of which places are its 
usual haunts. It is very plentiful in the low-country of Uva 
and at Anuradhapura, but becomes rarer in the Northern 
Province. It is not easy to catch, as it is usually found 
among thorny bushes, and dives into them to escape. The 
female is especially hard to procure in good condition. The 
males sometimes settle on wet patches on the roads or in 
river-beds. 
158. IXIAS MARIANNE. Also found in India. 
Its habitat is much the same as: that of the last, but it 
prefers more open country, and is commoner in the Northern 
Province. It is very plentiful in the Jaffna and Mannar 
Districts. It flies more away from the thorny bushes, and 
is therefore much easier to catch. I have never seen it 
settling on wet patches on the roads. I have once only seen 
a specimen at Haldummulla during the flights, and, in my 
opinion, it does not “‘ flight.”’ 
The male varies very little, but in the female the black 
inner border to the orange band is sometimes missing between 
veins 2 and 4, and the ground colour of the under side varies 
greatly. 
A melanism of the g of this species, captured by myself in 
the Hambantota District, is described and figured in “‘ Spolia 
Zeylanica,’’ Vol. [X., Part XX XIII. 
159. Cototis (IpMars) AMATA, B. Idmais modesta, M.; 
Colotis amatus, E. Also found in Africa, Persia, Arabia, 
and India. ; 
It is not common in the Province of Uva, except near the 
boundaries of the Southern and Eastern Provinces. I have 
taken a single specimen at Wellawaya. It is very plentiful 
