THE BUTTERFLIES OF CEYLON 97 
167. Apprias (CATOPHAGA) APULINA, B. Catophaga 
melania paulina, E. Also found in Malaya, Siam, and Java. 
Moore divides it into galene and lankapura. In galene 9 
the under side of the hind wing is pearly white, while in 
lankapura Q it is yellow. They are now regarded as 
varieties only. 
It is very variable. In heavily marked specimens of the 
male the costa and apex of the fore wing are heavily irrorated 
with black scales. This dark area is widened on the termen 
in interspace 3, and then narrowed abruptly, stopping before 
veinrI. On the hind wing there are black spots on the termen 
at the end of each vein, and the tornus is irrorated with black 
scales. [n the lighter marked specimens the black scaling is 
restricted to the costa, and a small patch at the apex of the 
fore wing. The female varies much in the width of the apical 
black area, and in the colour and markings of the under side. 
The variations may be seasonal, but all varieties fly together 
at all times. 
It is extremely plentiful all over the Island during the 
flights, and single specimens may be found everywhere all 
the year round. 
168. APPIAS LIBYTHEA. Also found in India. 
This is another most variable species, especially in the case 
of the females. Inthe males the variation seems to be largely 
dependent on locality, the darkest specimens being most often 
found in the south-east of the Island, in the Hambantota- 
Tangalla country. This does not, however, apply to the 
females, as the most extreme forms always fly together, and 
my lightest and darkest specimens were taken on the same 
day at Murunkan (Mannar District) in July—dry season. 
The male is very similar to A. venusia ¢, but can be 
distinguished by the absence of the yellow tint on the under 
side of the hind wing. This is usually pure white and 
unmarked, but there is sometimes a smail yellow patch at the 
humeral angle. I have two specimens which have black 
spots at the ends of the veins of the hind wing above; on the 
under side there are diffuse black spots at the ends of veins 
