THE BUTTERFLIES OF CEYLON 113 
differ considerably. In Ceylon C. stamica shows an almost simi- 
lar divergence from G. rvansonnettit, and would therefore, I 
presume, be regarded as a seasonal form. I have examined 
over a dozen specimens of C. stamica, and have, so far, found 
no signs of grading in the clasps, and am therefore inclined 
to regard it as distinct till proved to be only a a (See 
Plate 4, figs. 9, Io, 11, and 12.) 
Mr. T. R. Bell has an excellent article in ‘‘ The Journal of 
the Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.,”” Vol. XXVII., Part 2, dividing 
the Hesperiide into sub-families from the evidence of their 
early stages. Unfortunately he puts Hantana infernus into © 
the sub-family Achalarine, and Celenorrhinus spilothyrus 
into the Celenorrhine. As I believe our form of C. spilo- 
thyrus is the female of H. infernus I am unable to make use 
of his divisions. I therefore follow Capt. E. Y. Watson and 
divide them into three, viz., 1. Hespertine, 2. Pamphiline, 
and 3. Ismeneine. Mr. Bell points out that the larve of 
the 1st and 3rd of these sub-families feed on dicotyledons, 
while those of the 2nd feed on monocotyledons, so the division 
seems a natural one. 
In describing external markings, Elwes and Edwards use 
a different nomenclature for the parts of the wing from that 
given in Plate z. For instance, they call the vein next below 
vein 2 vein Ia, and the interspace between this vein and vein 
2 cell ra. To avoid confusion I have continued to use Bing- 
ham’s terms, and call the former vein 1, and the latter 
interspace I. 
Hesperiine 
189. HANTANA INFERNUS. Peculiar to Ceylon. 
This is a very variable species. In my lightest marked 
specimen the markings on the upper side of the fore wing 
consist of two minute pre-apical yellow spots. In the most 
heavily marked there are three pre-apical spots, one spot in 
the cell touching the pre-costal vein, and a smaller one 
below it, and a small one in the centre of interspace 2. Some 
specimens have a minute spot on the costa, above the spot in 
the cell; Moore says these are females ; all I have seen were 
males. The upper side of the hind wing is usually uniformly 
