* 
Plate Ili).. Some of 
10: RECORDS OF THE BOTANICAL st'Rviy OP INDIA. 
Cephalotes Wall., Desmodium pulchellnm Benth, (the last two forming 
thickets under the large trees), Desmodium triquetrum DC., Desmodium 
gyrans DC., Spatholobus Roxburghii Benth., Caesalpinia mimosotdes Lam., 
Bauhinia malabarica Roxb., Xylia dolabriformis Benth., (X. aylocarpa ?), 
Terminalia paniculata Roth. Careya arberea Roxb. Mussenda Srontosa 
Linn., Lmbelia Tsjertam-Cottam A. DC., Scoparia dulcis Lam., Aeginetio 
_ tndtca Roxb., Stereospermum chelonoides DE: Antidesma Ghesambilla 
Caertn., Baliospermum axillare Bl., 
plantaginea Lindl., a number of Scita 
Sm., and Clinogyne virgata Benth, (the latter forming dense thickets neat 
water), Duioscorea opposttifolia Linn., Chloris incompleta Roth., and 
Drynaria quereifolia Linn, (on ‘tree trunks and on rocks). 
In the swamps one meets with Sesbaniaaculeata Pers., Randia uliginosa 
DC., Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn., Hydrolea zeylanica Vahl. and Ceratop- 
teris thalictroides Linn., and along streams Rhabdia lycioides Mart. grows. 
4, The evergreen type, with a rainfall of 100 to 150 inches per annum, 
is divisible into three fairly distinct sub-types, which correspond roughly 
with the elevation, 
~ (a) The lower ever: 
Cycas circinalis Linn., Habenaria 
minaceae including Costus: speciosus 
green sub-type ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 feet (see 
its characteristic species are :— 
Hydnocarpus  Wightiana Bl., 
Ancistrocladus Heyneanus Wall., Ach 
tmbricata “Thw., Geophila ‘re. 
Croton caudatus Giesel., 
Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb., 
ronychia laurifolia Bl., Harpullia 
reniformis 1). Don., Bragantia Wallichii Br., 
Limorphocalye Lawianus Hook: f., Lacecaria 
robusta Hook. f., Panicum pilipes Nees., and the teed-like bamboo Ochlan- 
dra travancorica Benth., which « last densely covers considerable areas 
along streams. It is the leaves of this bamboo that are generally used by 
the jungle men for thatehing. ae 
(4) The median evergreen sub-type, lying between 8,000 and 5,000 
‘feet. ; : 
“his is the best class of land for the purposes of the planting industry 
and several thousand acres of magnificent evergreen forest have been 
cleared to make Toom for coffee. and tea plantations and partially cleared 
for the cultivation of cardamoms, ao Se 
Rubber trees of several kinds been tried but without much com- 
mercial success, Pepper vines are trained to a certain extent onthe shade 
trees in some of the coffee plantations and there is also some Cinchona 
n. : oe 4 s ‘ . 
Gigantic evergreen trees grow in these forests. Scme of them, such as 
 Mesua ferrea Linn., Caliphyllnm tomentosum Wight; Palaquinm ellipticum 
Engl, and Diospyros Etenum Koen. aie of value to the timber trade. 
have 
