The geographical and seasonal variations of Coenonympha pamphilus L. 199 
ame region. | name it at/antea and I feel sure that local race, 
5 a whole, will be found distinct enough to be separated under 
his name from gigas, and from Jatevittata the two other African 
nes. The II gen. gigas as defined above, I have series of from Mt. Le- 
anon, in Syria, from Diarbekir, in Kurdistan, from Arwas, in the Trans- 
aspian District. The Syrian series, as observed by Oberthür, exhibit 
ı most specimens a row of ocelli on the upperside of hindwing, so 
1at this race could well be designated by the name of thyrsides, Stdgr., 
at. Lep. Pal. Faun., 1901, p. 66 because they agree also in general 
spect with Herrich-Schäffer's figures 430—1, given as „typical“ by 
taudinger;on underside the ocelli are, however, considerably more 
ıinute, whilst the rest of the pattern ismore accentuated. A series of 
une specimens from Duktan, in Zarafshan, resembles gigas, but it is 
ansitional to the pamphilus Group, by the marginal band of upper- 
de not being separated from the margin by a fulvous space, in the 
jale sen and only partially in the female one, and by the underside 
attern being softer in outline, as in emilyllus. This I take to 
2 orantia, Frhst., Int. Ent. Zeit. Guben, 1908, p. 11, described 
om Kashgar in the Eastern Turkestan. 
As regards the I generations of the Asiatic regions mentioned 
Jove, | must first of all make the general remark that none of the 
'ries | have from them have to the slightest degree the look of belon- 
ng to the Zyllus group, such as, on the contrary, is so striking in 
'e Western Mediterranean in /yllides, antelyllus and arenosa, 
is, however, need not surprise us, considering that also the 
‚cilian gigas, which is such a decided /yl/us in the II generation, 
15 in its | gen. sicula, Z.,, an emiaustralis-like aspect on upperside 
ıd in many individuals also on underside. Several species of 
‚pidoptera in Sicily resemble more the races of the Eastern Medi- 
ranean than those of Africa and of the West, so that pamphilus 
idently tands there, to fall in with that phenomenon. 
The I gen. I have from Beyrouth, in Syria, and in a form 
arly identical to it from Askhabad, in the Transcaspian District, 
one of the most striking races: nitidissima, mihi. The upperside 
‚ofa bright ochreous, either with no trace of marginal pattern 
with an extremely indistinct gray premarginal streak on hind- 
ngs only; the apical ocellus small or absent; on the contrary 
_ hindwing there stands out two or three minute, but sharp, 
ick ocelli, often containing a white pupil, so tiny as to be nearly 
visible to the naked eye, The underside of hindwings is of a 
“ar, delicate gray, brightened by a touch of green; white space 
re or less developped; ocelli minute, but sharp and with a 
very center; as a rule, no trace of premarginal lunules. The 
