200 Roger Verity 
females often have a white space on upperside of hindwings be 
tween the faint lunules and the base of fringes. 
Exerge pamphilus, L. 
The first general remark to make in connection with thi 
exerge is that it produces a group of races, which stand apaı 
from the rest by a comon character and which inhabits a definit 
region, so that, taken as a whole, it gives one the impression € 
being something more than a broad race. Its character is tha 
its scales are richer in pigment, so that it is more highly coloure 
and it exhibits on upperside a darker black and broader margine 
band. Its areas of distribution are Italy, the Balkans and part ( 
Asia Minor. If in some high mountains of this same region On 
did not see it turn into races similar to those of Central Europ: 
one might have suspected it to posses some slight hereditar 
factor different from all those of the other races, but I suppos 
on the strength of that remark, this hypothesis must be discarde 
as very unlikely and one must conclude the direct effects of su 
roundings are entirely responsible for the facture mentioned abov 
It is, however rather mysterious how it keeps perfectly constat 
in such different surroundings as the southern watershed of tl 
Alps and the barren plains of southern Italy and Greece and, 0 
the contrary, it entirely disappears on the northern watershed 
the Alps, as well as in the hot localities of southern France. Ev 
dently there are local causes we cannot grasp, because sever 
other species behave in the same way in producing races simil 
to each other from Asia Minor to Italy and abruptly changir 
aspect on the waterpartings of Switzerland and of southern Franc 
Group marginata, Rühl. 
I use this name for the entire group just described and di 
cussed, because it is the first given to a form belonging to 
| have already mentioned above the reasons which make me c0ı 
clude that Rühl’s description points to this fact. The same nan 
probably applies well to the II gen. of most localities in As 
Minor, but the high mountain race belongs to the pamphilus Grot 
and i will describe it at the end of this paper. 
As far as I can judge by the scanty materials I pross 
from the Balkans, the races of this region are similar to the Itali 
one by their rich pigmentation and bright colours. The I gen. 
actually an australis; the II differs from emilyllus of Italy by i 
tendency to produce racially form marginata, so that probably tl 
