202 Roger Verity 
than Italy, and which be includes explicitly. In the Cottian Alps, 
whilst collesting there in 1925, at Oulx, m 1100, in Upper Susa 
Valley, at Cesana, m 1300, and at Clavieres, m 1700, I found 
rather to my astonishment, that even at those altitudes the I ge- 
neration consisted in australis, identical to those of the plain 
whereas in Central Italy, as just mentioned, it is replace in the 
higher mountains by a race similar to emiaustralis of Central 
Europe. The II generation, however, is in the latter race quite an 
aestivalis on both surfaces, whereas the II which emerged at Oulx 
from Aug. 11th onwards, was nearly identical to the I, to the 
naked eye, except for a very slight touch of fulvous on the under- 
side in most individuals of both sexes, a slight increase in the 
extent of the white spaces and the slightly more pronounced 
dark bands and ocelli, all pointing only distantly to the features 
of aestivalis. 1 will recall further the fact, discovered by Ball, 
that the androconial scales of the two generations have a mar- 
kediy different shape, even when visible features are scarcely per- 
ceptible, so that it would not be correct to apply the name of 
australis to the II of Oulx and I suggest calling it postaustralis. 
This race is probably broadspread in the Alps; the one I collected 
at Klobenstein, m 1300, as well as Merano, in 8. Tyrol, is iden- 
tical to that of Oulx. Instead, in the mountains' about Lake 
Maggiore I have discovered a very distinct and handsome race, 
on account of its broad, dark marginal band above (preceded in 
some individualis by two premarginal dots.on hindwing) some- 
what as in l/afenigrata, Vrty., of Central Italy, but very! different 
from the latter on the underside; it is of a deep gray with a 
marked greenish-blue sheen, especially on hairs of basal area; the 
white space of hindwing is abolished or scarcely perceptible, and 
so are the dark streaks and ocelli, so that the wing has a uni- 
form look and individual variations are far lesser than in other 
races; these features strike one as particularly unusual especially 
in the female sex. I name ferrea the I generation, which I col- 
lected at Pian Quaggie, m 900, above Premeno and Intra, (2nd to18th 
of June) and at the Passo di Colle, m 1400 above Cannero. 
(Juni 28th— July 6th.). Its II gen. I found at Vanzone, m 700, 
in the Anzasca Valley, where only a few tattered individuals of 
the I were surviving at the end of June and where the II emerged 
from Juli 12th to Aug. 25th.: it is a little smaller; marginal bands 
not as black and sharp; underside not quite as dark in female: 
postferrea, mihi. This race probably spreads to the whole of the 
Ticino Alps. 
