44 
DEPOSITS OF PHOSPHATE OF LIME. 
[BULL. 4C. 
posed largely of hornblende and apatite in varying proportions, with 
erystals of rutile occasionally scattered through the mass. The horn- 
blende often contains cavities lined with crystals of the same substance, 
and of quartz, apatite, and other minerals. At Nestesviig the apatite 
vein occurs in quartzite. The minerals found in the Norway apatite 
are : ' 
Quartz. 
Apatite. 
Calcite. 
Talc. 
Orthoclase. 
Albite. 
Oligoclase (and albite). 
Esinarkite (anorthite ?). 
Scapolite (and paleo-albite). 
Tourmaline. 
Hornblende. 
Pyroxene. 
Enstatite. 
Phlogopite and green magnesian mica. 
Chlorite. 
Aspasiolite. 
Titanite, 
Hematite. 
Rutile. 
Menaccanite. 
Magnetite. 
Copper pyrite. 
Magnetic pyrite. 
Iron pyrite. 
The apatite of Norway was mined as early as 1854. The first depos- 
its worked were those of Krageroe, from which, between the years 1854 
and 1858, 13,000 tons were taken and sold for $110,000. The Oede- 
garden deposits were discovered in 1874 by Axel Esmark, a Norwegiau 
mineralogist. They have since been worked on a small scale. The 
difficulty of mining Norwegian apatite has been so great, however, that 
the yearly output has never exceeded a few thousand tons, and the 
mineral at present has been almost driven out of the market by the 
Canada, Guraeba, and other high-grade phosphates. 
As regards the origin of the Norwegian apatites, Brogger and Reusch 
think they are of eruptive origin. The banded structure of the veins 
they ascribe to the way the minerals solidified from a state of fusion. 
The country rocks are almost absolutely destitute of phosphoric acid in 
any form, and, consequently, they infer that the vein matter is in no 
way dependent on the surrounding rocks. Another argument which 
they bring up in support of the eruptive theory is that veins are often 
seen to be fine-grained t on the outside and coarse and crystalline in 
the center. 
Table giving analyses of apatite of Norway, by Dehern. 
Y fls5* »»;». 
Black. 
General 
sample. 
Poor 
quality. 
Phosphoric acid 
34. 82 33.25 
76. 01 72. 58 
7.07 7.81 
26.25 i 34.88 
57.30 ! 76.14 
21. 01 1 <*■ 0* 
17.56 
38.33 
35.89 
Equivalent to bone phosphate. . 
Sand 
"Zeitsclir. Deutsoh. geol. Gesel]., vol. 27, 1875, pp. 672, 673. 
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