52 PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW YORK DEVONIAN. [bull. 120. 
The first cut is a little more than one-fourth of a mile south of the 
Kingston station, just below Fitch's trestle, and the northern two- 
thirds of the cut is through bluish- gray massive limestone with an 
occasional layer of shale. Fossils are common, especially Atrypa retic- 
ularis (Linne) Dal. and >$trophome)ia rhomboidalis (Wahlenb.) Dav. 
The rock is much darker in color at the southern end of the cut, lias 
but few fossils, and becomes shaly and arenaceous. At the southern 
eud of the Kingston tunnel on the West Shore Railroad, by the Rond- 
out Creek railroad bridge are light gray limestone layers alternating 
with dark layers. The light grayish limestone contains abundant fos- 
sils and furnishes a most excellent locality for collecting. The light 
gray limestone at the southern end of the tunnel is regarded as the 
Catskill shaly limestone with Upper Pentamerus near the middle and, 
at the northern end, Oriskany. In the cuts nearer Kingston are the 
Cauda-galli grit and the Corniferous limestone. 1 
When conducting the held work upon which this P aper is based, the 
writer was concerned principally with the Middle and Upper Devonian, 
and so ran over this section of the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian 
ina hasty manner ; but the admirable sections and opportunities for 
studying these formations were noted. 
On the Walkill Valley Railroad, 1 mile from Kingston Union station, 
are exposures of limestones of Lower Helderberg age. About 2 miles 
from the station is a small cut in blue arenaceous shales (No*. 1486 CI) 
which contains plenty of Hamilton fossils. At this locality the dip is 
nearly vertical. 
The exposures along the Walkill Valley Railroad in the vicinity of 
Kingston are not numerous, most of the rocks being covered by drift. 
After leaving Kingston 2 and crossing the valley of Esopus Creek, there 
are frequent exposures of rocks along the line of the Ulster and Dela- 
ware Railroad which give a fair section across the Middle and Upper 
Devonian formations of Ulster County. The exposures along the line 
of this railroad will now be described. 
The Fair street or Kingston station of the Ulster and Delaware Rail- 
road is said to be on the Lower Helderberg limestone, 3 but no outcrops 
were observed at that locality. No exposures were found until after 
crossing the wide valley of Esopus Creek, west of Kingston, and 
reaching the hill to the west of the creek. There are exposures of black 
1 See note by J. G. L. [Lindsey ?] in MacFarlane's Am. Geol. Kail. Guide, 2d. ed., p. 135, f. n. 152. 
2 The elevation of the eastern terminus of the Ulster and Delaware Kailroad at Kondout is G feet 
A. T. (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 5, p. 217) ; the union station in Kingston, of the Ulster and Delaware, 
West Shore, and Walkill Valley railroads is 180 feet A. T. (ibid., p. 211), and tho Fair street, Kingston, 
station of the Ulster and Delaware, 159 feet A. T. (ibid., p. 211) ; consequently the difference by rail- 
road levels between Kondout and the union station is 180 feet, and between the union station and Fair 
street, 27 feet. Several roadings of the barometer gave mo 175k feet difference between Kondout and 
t-he union station, and between union station and Fair street, 22i feet, which in both cases is 4| feet 
less than the actual difference. 
3 MacFarlane's Am. Geol. Kail. Guide, 2d ed., p. 130. and on "The Geological map of the Middle and 
Western States, by James Hall" (Geol. N". Y., Pt. iv, 1813), Kingston is represented on the belt colored 
green, which is stated in the legend to be "Helderberg limestones, including grits and sandstonea." 
