newell.] FIELD WORK. 13 
the years 1893 and 1894, covers the results obtained under the small 
allotments previously made and the inception of the work under the 
specific appropriation of August 18, 1894. 
A general summary of the more important results obtained in pre- 
vious years may be found in the Tenth to the Fourteenth Annual 
Reports of the Director of this Survey (see footnote on p. 9), and in 
a monograph upon Agriculture by Irrigation, published as one of the 
volumes of the Eleventh Census of the United States, in which the 
figures obtained by the enumerators of the Eleventh Census and facts 
gathered on schedules and suitable blanks by extensive correspondence 
were elaborated and supplemented by the field information and expe- 
rience acquired by the members of the Division of Hydrography of this 
Survey. 
FIELD WORK IN 1893 AND 1894. 
The field work of this division for the year 1893 and for the first half 
of 1894 was carried on by Mr. F. H. Newell. It consisted of inspec- 
tion of river stations, verification of rating tables by measurements of 
discharge, and examination of local conditions influencing water sup- 
ply. In the fall of 1894 Mr. Arthur P. Davis took up the work. He 
established new river stations, and the investigation was extended 
generally. Prof. Robert Hay was also employed temporarily to make 
an investigation of the so-called " underflow" and subsurface waters of 
the area extending from the North Platte River southerly along the 
one hundred and second meridian, across a portion of Kansas and into 
eastern Colorado and western Kansas. His conclusions and general- 
izations have been prepared for publication in a paper accompanying 
the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Director, while the somewhat 
detailed data upon which many of his conclusions are based are given 
herewith, as part of this bulletin, in order that they may be accessible 
to the relatively limited number of persons who will care to utilize 
them. 
The results of the river work are shewn in connection with the 
descriptions of the stations, and are summarized briefly in the list of 
discharge measurements. In the descriptions of these stations the 
geographic order employed in former reports is adhered to. The 
Upper Missouri and its tributaries are taken up first; then the Platte, 
Arkansas, Rio Grande, and Colorado basins; next the great interior 
basin, of which the streams tributary to the lakes or sinks in Nevada, 
and to Great Salt Lake and Sevier Lake in Utah, are parts; then the 
Snake and its tributaries, and the other rivers forming portions of 
the Columbia River system; then the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and 
creeks of southern California; and lastly the data obtained concerning 
streams in the Mississippi Valley and along the Atlantic watershed. 
The methods of river measurement are described in the Fourteenth 
Annual Report, Part II, pages 96-101, where are given also a number 
of illustrations of the current meters and self-recording devices used 
in river work. 
