98 ARTESIAN WELLS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. [bull. 138. 
diameter, ranging in depth from 136 to 149 feet. The following record 
is given : 
Feet. 
f 0-8 muck. 
,,., ,, -. 8-16 limesand. 
Middle marl. < ,..,,,, 
16-50 green marl, with shells. 
1 50-54 cemented limesand and shell. 
Redbank sand 80-134 fine gray sand and water. 
The water rises to about 1 foot above the surface, which is about 20 
feet above tide. The average flow of each well is GO gallons per minute 
and the temperature is 58°. 
The results of some prospecting in the old well is reported by Mr. 
Woolman. The boring continued through alternations of sands and 
white and red clays to a depth of 7 76* feet, where water was found 
which rose to within 18 feet of the surface. 1 
This well and the one at Quinton indicate that the Redbank forma- 
tion in the lower part of the State is a clear gray, medium coarse sand, 
80 feet thick, with abundance of good water. It is just below the 
Middle Marl, from which it is separated by a few feet of impervious 
strata. 
WATER-BEARING HORIZONS IN SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY. 
There are in southern New Jersey twelve well-defined water-bearing 
horizons which underlie extensive areas. There are also several hori- 
zons which have been recognized in restricted areas. 
The lowest horizon is on the floor of crystalline rocks, which rises to 
the surface along a line passing through or near Wilmington, Chester, 
Philadelphia, Trenton, and New Brunswick. It dips quite steeply to 
the east-southeast and is probably at least 2,000 feet below the surface 
along the Atlantic coast, southward. It underlies all of southern New 
Jersey, and may contain water throughout the area. It has, however, 
been reached only by wells in or near the Delaware Valley, but to all 
of these it has yielded a large amount of excellent water. The other 
higher horizons pass beneath the surface in regular succession to the 
southeastward and occur at vertical intervals varying from 300 to 60 
feet. They incline gently southeastward at various low angles, the 
lower beds, as a rule, having the greater degree of inclination. They 
are not fully explored as yet, and the deeper horizons are not reached 
by the more eastern and southern wells. For the purpose of reviewing 
them it will be more convenient to discuss these horizons in groups 
which are entitled the Lower Cretaceous, the Upper Cretaceous, and 
the Chesapeake. 
LOWER CRETACEOUS HORIZONS. 
There are four horizons comprised under this heading, namely: 
1. In the Matawan beds. 
2. At the base of the Matawan formation. 
1 New Jersey report for 1892, p. 302, 303. 
