142 ARTESIAN WELLS ON THE ATLANTIC COAST. [bull. 138. 
WATER HORIZONS, WELLS, AND WELL PROSPECTS IN THE BALTIMORE 
REGION. 
As very few well records or descriptive data were obtained in Balti- 
more, and the wells are in groups of which the general relations are 
significant in their bearing on water horizons and prospects, I shall 
combine the discussion of these questions and include incidental notes 
on some of the wells. In most cases all the information that could be 
obtained regarding depth, yield, etc., of the wells is given in the tables, 
pages 137 to 141. The location of the wells is shown on the map, 
PI. VII, and the relation of nearly all are shown in sections 1 and 2 
on PI. VIII. The numbers in black on these plates are for reference 
to the list of wells on pages 137 to 141. 
Canton. — The many wells in Canton have afforded a fairly definite 
idea of the distribution of underground waters in that section. The 
wells are mainly in the vicinity of Clinton street, but there are others 
farther eastward, and some in Highlandtown. They indicate the 
presence of several widely extended sheets of water-bearing gravelly 
deposits, the upper beds of which are intercalated between sheets of 
clay and fine sand, the lower bed lying on the floor of crystalline 
rocks. The dip is to the southeast at a very uniform rate of 60 feet per 
mile. In the map, PI. VII, an attempt has been made to represent the 
underground contour of the lowest beds, and in the sections in PI. VIII 
some of the relations are shown. The first section is along and near 
Clinton street, from Highlandtown to Thirteenth avenue, and across 
the Patapsco River to Seawall. This section indicates three principal 
water horizons, which I have lettered A, B, and C, respectively. They 
are at intervals which average 40 feet from the bed rock up. The 
most extensive sheet of water-bearing materials is B, which appears to 
average from 30 to 50 feet above the crystalline rock floor, and it sup- 
plies large amounts of excellent waters at the copper works, Northern 
Central power house, the Standard Oil Company's well at First avenue 
and Seventh street, and at many other places. Water generally occurs 
in large volume in the gravels and sands lying on the crystalline rock 
floor (Horizon A), and many wells draw from this source, notably those 
at the Electric Copper Works, the breweries at Highlandtown, the 
deeper wells on Lazaretto Point, the 210-foot well of the Orient Distil- 
lery, the well at Northern Central Railroad Elevator No. 1, and the 195- 
foot well at the oil works on Second street, near Second avenue. No 
water was reported below 160 feet at the old copper works ; the deep 
well at Seawall found no water on top of the crystalline rocks, and the 
basal and lower Potomac waters are all absent at Sparrow Point if the 
record of the 495-foot well is to be relied on. It is probable, however, 
that to the south and east these water horizons rise from the crystalline 
rocks. In wells between Third and Eleventh avenues there is a gen- 
eral occurrence of a water horizon, which I have designated C, which 
lies about 100 feet above the basal beds or crystalline rock floor. It 
