DARTON.i NORTH CAROLINA — SOUTH CAROLINA. 207 
In the city of Wilmington, at an elevation of about 60 feet above 
tide, three wells were bored by Mr. W. E. Worth at the ice factory. In 
neither of these does the water overflow, but it rises to a point 2 feet 
above mean tide level. These three wells, 60 to 80 feet apart, were 
sunk to the depth of 84, 96, and 100 feet, respectively, one being 6 inches 
and the other two 8 inches in diameter. Each well has for some time 
been yielding 400 gallons of good water i>er minute, containing not 
more than 14.80 grains of mineral matter per United States gallon. 
The strata penetrated by these wells are as follows: 
Feet. 
0-20 sand. 
20-85 marl (Tertiary). 
85-101 alternating layers of sand and shell rock 6-10 feet thick. 
The only other deep well reported from this county is that bored to a 
depth of 400 feet at the Hummocks, in Wrightsville Sound. Here an 
8-inch pipe was sunk to a depth of 100 feet without favorable results. 
A 6-inch pipe was then lowered inside the 8-inch pipe and sunk to a 
depth of 400 feet without securing any considerable supply of water. 
After the sinking of this inner pipe, however, the water came up 
between the outer ( 100-foot) pipe and the inner (400-foot) pipe and over- 
flowed the surface at the rate of about 8 gallons per minute. The 
water is of good quality, though it has a slight sulphur taste and odor. 
No record of the strata penetrated in boring the well has been found. 
It appears, however, from the testimony of several persons, that at 
90-100 feet there is a considerable layer of rock, and that the water 
supply probably comes from beneath this stratum. 
SOUTH CAROLINA. 
GEOLOGIC RELATIONS. 
The geology of the greater part of the Coastal Plain region of South 
Carolina was studied with care by Tuomey a half century ago, and 
very little has since been added to our knowledge. Many of the rela- 
tions were clearly determined by Tuomey, but some were not fully inves- 
tigated, and they have remained in doubt. The principal undetermined 
relations were those of the lower members of the Coastal Plain series, 
which lie on the east-dipping floor of crystalline rocks, and as these 
members are important water-bearers, I made a special visit to the 
State to si udy their character and relations. According to Tuomey, 
the Eocene formation embraces a series which lies directly on the gran 
ite in the southern portion of the State, while to the noithward marine 
Cretaceous beds emerge from beneath the edge of Middle Eocene mem 
bers. The formations underlying the marine Cretaceous beds were not 
described fully, and apparently they and the Cretaceous beds were 
supposed to pass under and be overlapped by the lowest Eocene mem- 
bers, which were stated to lie directly on the granite south of the 
