darton.] SOUTH CAROLINA. 221 
This lower sand is probably in the Potomac formation, and I should 
expect that at 1,160 feet the boring was not far above the basal beds 
and their floor of crystalline rocks. 
Bamberg, Barmvell County. — A large water supply is obtained at 
Bamberg from thirty wells of moderate depth and five flowing deep 
wells. The shallow wells range in depth from 65 to 100 feet and draw 
mainly from cavities in the Eocene limestone. The deep wells range 
from 470 to 555 feet in depth, and probably reach a horizon in the 
Potomac formation. The following notes regarding the beds penetrated 
were supplied by Mr. Bamberg : 
Feet. 
0-67 sand and clay. 
67-272 rocks with cavities; typical buhrstone. 
272-322 quicksand. 
? dark-gray argillaceous rock with shell fragments. 
?-447 micaceous sand yielding a 6-gallon flow of water. 
470 40-gallon flow to 15 feet above surface. 
495 35-gallon flow to 20 feet above surface. 
520 35-gallon flow to 12 feet above surface. 
555 40-gallon flow to 30 feet above surface ; smaller pipe. 
The water has a peculiar taste, to which persons soon become accus- 
tomed, and it is in general use. It is stated that the introduction of 
these waters has made a very marked improvement in the health of 
the community. 
WATER HORIZONS AND PROSPECTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 
We are not as yet sufficiently well informed as to the underground 
geology of the Coastal Plain region in South Carolina to discuss at any 
length the water horizons and well prospects. Considering the wide 
area of the region, only a relatively few wells have been sunk, and 
except in the case of the Charleston well and of one or two other wells 
we have no definite record of the formation penetrated. The Potomac 
formation is probably a water bearer under very wide areas, as indi- 
cated by wells at Charleston (probably), Orangeburg, Darlington, Bam- 
burg, Florence (400-600 feet), and other points. At Marion it yielded 
water in small supply that rose 15 feet above the surface, but it proba- 
bly was not properly tested. The deeper waters at Aiken and at Flor- 
ence are from the crystalline rocks, so that they present no positive 
evidence regarding waters in the Coastal Plain deposits. I am con- 
vinced that there is a fair chance for finding the Potomac waters 
throughout the region, although they can not be predicted with cer- 
tainty. They lie at depths which are moderate in the central part of 
the State, but which gradually increase to about 2,000 feet below the 
surface along the ocean shore, as shown in the sections on PI. XIV. 
The higher water horizons are quite numerous, but they have not 
been sufficiently explored or definitely determined geologically for dis- 
cussion or prediction. The buhrstone appears to contain water-bearing 
cavities in Barnwell County, and possibly the area of this water horizon 
is extensive in the southern portion of the State. The Bamberg wells 
draw on these waters at a depth of less than 100 feet below the surface, 
