vaughan.] EOCENE FORMATIONS. 47 
Fourteen miles from Carrizo the surface of the ground is formed 
of deep red sands derived from the disintegration of a hard sandstone. 
At this locality a very few poorly preserved oysters were found firmly 
embedded in the sandstone. No specimens good enough for specific 
determination were obtained. 
From here to Carrizo Springs deep, red sands extend the whole dis- 
tance; the deepest sands are about 8 miles west of the town. There 
are occasionally more argillaceous beds. The rock whence the sands 
are derived is, before disintegration, a soft whitish or yellowish sand- 
stone with occasional harder ledges. These are Owen's 4 'Carrizo sands. " 
They are the northward continuation of the sand seam around Chupa- 
dero ranch, and are the source whence the water of the artesian wells 
of the Carrizo Springs vicinity is obtained. 
RECONNAISSANCE FROM CARRIZO SPRINGS TO SAN LORENZO CREEK. 
From Carrizo Springs to the Richardson ranch, 6 miles east of south 
of the town, the deep sands are continuous. About opposite the house 
on the ranch the soil becomes firmer, apparently containing clay 
enough to make it compact. The tank in Ainsworth's pasture, on 
the southwest side of the Richardson ranch, has been excavated in 
clays. Gravel occurs on the summit of the hill near the tank. From 
this ranch to San Lorenzo Creek clays and compact sandstone are found 
along the draws, and gravel cappings usually occur on the hills. 
NUECES RIVER SECTION. 
On the east side of the river, above the coal shaft and just below the 
Pulliam ranch, at the northern line of Zavalla County, there is ex- 
posed a soft, friable sandstone, bluish when fresh, oxidizing }^ellow, 
very often possessing a shaly appearance and containing black specks. 
This sandstone resembles very closely the basal Eocene along the Frio 
River. A half mile below the Pulliam ranch it passes below the coal 
seam and possesses a thickness of some 40 feet. 
Section through cool seam. 
Ft. in. 
5. Silt and gravel, fluvial 35 
4. Laminated, brownish, shaly sandstone; contains many carbonaceous specks 
and a few fossil leaves 2 3 
3. Laminated, blue carbonaceous clay 5 
2. Laminated black clay 1 6 
1. Coal, bony at top 2 4 
Total 45 9 
Eocene exposure 10 9 
Professor Knowlton remarks that the leaves from No. 4 are prob- 
ably Eocene. 
