PREFACE. 1 3 
forms. Their paleontologic description is reserved for future publi- 
cation. 
A few well-defined formations, with their faunas, have been elabo- 
rated. The fossils, though few and imperfect, :md in almost wwy 
case varying more or less from the typical species familiar to us from 
(he sections in the interior of the continent, have been identified with 
sufficient certainty to make their general stratigraphic position evident. 
Tn this preliminary report the listing of species has been made pri- 
marily with the view of bringing out the geologic facts. In many 
cases, as just stated, the forms do not exactly agree with any of the 
described species of the New York or interior region. In such cases 
identification has been given with the species to which the resemblance 
is closest. When it is noted that a' remarkable number of new species 
were found by Billings in both the Gaspe and the Square Lake faunas — 
differing at least varietally from any other known species in America 
or Europe — it Avill not seem strange that these Maine faunas should 
contain many species which can not be exactly identified with any that 
have been described. However, a few of the species of each fauna 
have been identified with known species, milking the stratigraphic 
position evident. To determine the horizons with greater precision, a 
thorough biologic study of each fauna and its comparison with typical 
European as well as American collections will be required. 
In lists of species here given, the sign cf. (confer) is frequently 
employed to indicate that the name used is that of a species already 
described "with which the specimen named closely agrees but is not 
strictly identical. For the same reason no attempt is made to give 
the name of the true author of the species. The lists are given for 
geologic rather than biologic purposes. 
Lists of faunas obtained from Maine, New Brunswick, and a few 
other localities, and already reported upon, are introduced, as given 
in the original reports, for reference in correlating the terranes. The 
typical New York faunas are not reproduced, as they may be easily 
obtained from standard reports. The collections are all numbered 
and the fossils are in process of paleontologic study for final descrip- 
tion and illustration. Many of them are already figured. Samples of 
the Square Lake fossils are given on Pis. I and II (pp. 64, 66). The 
original figures reproduced on these plates were made by a new, 
patented photographic process, directly from the specimens, by Mr. 
N. W. Carkhuff. 
At the beginning of our investigations I had expected to obtain 
sufficient knowledge of the stratigraphy of the region to interpret the 
true succession of the various terranes. The remarkable scarcity of 
fossils, the heavy sheet of drift, and the general fractured, disturbed, 
and semislated state of the rocks have left little reliable evidence of 
original structure to work on. It has been impossible, therefore, Avith 
