Gregory.] PREVIOUS EXPLORATION. 103 
survey was transmitted to the legislature by Governor Fairfield on 
February 13, 1839. Besides the record of the work accomplished 
during the year 1839, this report contains a general summary of the 
results obtained by the survey during the three years of its existence. 
Considering the lack of accurate maps and the difficulties of travel, the 
work accomplished by Dr. Jackson was of a high order. It is to be 
regretted that all the specimens so carefully collected and labeled have 
disappeared, with the exception of the set presented to Bowdoin 
College. 1 
Twenty-three years elapsed before the State undertook further 
geologic work. In 1861 a "scientific survey" of the State was 
organized. 2 Professor Hitchcock was appointed geologist and gave 
some portion of his time to investigations in the Aroostook Valley. 
In the Geology of the Wild Lands 3 he describes a section from 
Charlotte to Presque Isle and one from Penobscot Bay to Ashland. 
In the same volume Mr. Packard gives an account of his exploration 
of the Fish River Lakes, and of the route from Portage Lake through 
Ashland to Presque Isle. He also announced the discovery of the 
Square Lake fossil locality. During 1862 Dr. Holmes traversed the 
settled parts of Aroostook County, but added no geologic informa- 
tion of importance. While the work was in this preliminary stage 
the legislature saw fit to cut off the appropriation, and the work which 
had been begun so well and which promised so much to science was 
brought to a close. 
These two reports of Professor Hitchcock include what is known 
generally of the geology of Maine. The features occurring along the 
main traveled routes are briefly described, and the age and areal dis- 
tribution of the different rock formations are worked out and repre- 
sented upon a geologic map. The amount of work done in 1861 and 
1862 with so small an appropriation was highly creditable, and was so 
well done that the general interpretations then made are likely to stand 
the test of time. The permanent value of the second State survey 
would be greatly enhanced if the entire collection of minerals, rocks, 
and soils so carefully made had been preserved. 4 
In 1885 Professor Hitchcock published a summary description of the 
geology of Maine, with a map in colors. 5 Some changes from the map 
1 Bayley and King: Catalog of the Maine Geological Collection, with a Brief Outline History of the 
two Surveys of the State, Waterville, Maine, 1890. 
2 The scientific staff was Ezekiel Holmes, naturalist; Chafes H. Hitchcock, geologist; George L. 
Goodale, botanist; J. C. Houghton, mineralogist; A. S. Packard, jr., entomologist; C. B. Fuller, marine 
zoologist. 
3 Bound with Agriculture and Geology of Maine, 2d series, 1861. 
4 Unfortunately the typical collection deposited in the statehouse was removed from its place and 
the specimens carelessly thrown into boxes, their labels often going into other boxes. As a result of 
Prof. W. S. Bayley's efforts, the remnant of this collection is now under the care of Colby Oniversil y, at 
Waterville, Maine. The specimens have been identified as far as possible by the description given in 
Jackson's reports, and a catalogue has been published (Bayley and King, footnote 1) . 
5 Geology of Northern New England, p. 1. 
