gregoky.] FOSSILIFEROUS LIMESTONE. 143 
big limestone cuts on the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad between 
Ludlow and Ashland Junction. These heavy beds arc not so closely 
folded, but the apices and troughs are altered to marble in places and 
the strata are broken into massive blocks. Generally speaking, the 
limestones in the vicinity of Houlton are more evenly slated, more 
arenaceous, and not so closely folded as in the Aroostook Valley. 
The disturbances through which these rocks have passed seem to have 
destroyed the fossils to a large extent, for although diligently searched 
for at many places, the number of species found is remarkably small. 
(See Pis. X, XI for illustrations of Aroostook limestone.) 
FOSSILIFEROUS LIMESTONE. * 
Fossiliferous limestone is found in and near Ashland Village, at 
Dudley's in eastern Castle Hill, in the northwest corner of Chapman 
Township, and in the well-known Square Lake locality. In Ashland 
Village the rock is whitish brown, much broken and brccciated, and is 
practically composed of fossils in all stages, from complete forms to 
finely comminuted fragments. The field appearance is of a rough 
groundmass, irregularly broken into blocks. Two hundred feet to the 
south this brecciated material is overlain by regular beds of dark 
fossiliferous limestone conglomerate, which is here interbedded with 
shales containing rolled pebbles and nodules. The limestone beds are 
occasionally pinched out or occur as len tides. South of the village 
the outcrop on the west of the road shows white limestone with 
abundant fossils, while east of the road, li miles south of Ashland, the 
rock is a conglomerate, in which limestone, sandstone, and shale are 
promiscuous^ mingled. 
The Castle Hill and Chapman occurrences are substantially alike, and 
only the former will be described. The outcrop is best exposed on 
Mr. Dudle} r, s farms, near the house and on both sides of the road. 
Here the white limestone is embedded between slates which strike N. 
4(> E. and dip E. < 70°. The slates on one side are the ordinary cal- 
careous slates of the region, but immediately adjoining the limestone 
on the west the slates are black and reddish, with heavy staining of 
hematite and manganese. The fossiliferous limestone here is dark 
gray, and fragmental material from various sources is mingled with 
the abundant fossils. 
SLATES AND SCHISTS. 
The Ashland branch of the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad crosses 
the strike of a series of slates and schists, and where cuts have been 
made furnishes good exposures for study. No detailed work has been 
done on these rocks, but a few general statements may he, found useful. 
iThis limestone is named and described as i he Ashland limestone in Part I of this report. 
