14 NORTHWESTERN BOUNDARY OF UNITED STATES. [bull. 17 1. 
with similar officers to he appointed by Great Britain to survey the 
boundary and mark it with monuments. It also provided for the ap- 
pointment of an assistant astronomer and surveyor; a secretary, and a 
clerk; it appropriated $11,000 for the annual salary of these five officers, 
and $00,000 for provisions, transportation, and contingencies; it re- 
stricted the work to the northern boundary of Washington, which 
then extended from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific; and finally 
it authorized the President to direct the employment of such officers, 
assistants, and vessels of the Coast Survey as he might deem necessary 
or useful. 
Under this law Mr. Archibald Campbell was appointed commis- 
sioner on February 14, 1857, and on the same day Lieut, (now Gen.) 
John G. Parke, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., was appointed chief 
astronomer and surveyor, 1 each at a salary of $3,000 per annum. Two 
weeks later, viz, February 28, 1857, Mr. G. Clinton Gardner was 
appointed assistant astronomer and surveyor, and on April 5 entered 
upon his duties. On April 9 Mr. William J. Warren (now chief 
clerk Office of Chief of Engineers, U. S. A.) was appointed secretary, 
and on March 6 Mr. John J. Major was appointed clerk to the com- 
missioner. Mr. Campbell remained commissioner to the end in 1869. 
On the outbreak of the civil war, in the spring of 1861, General 
Parke left the work and never returned to it. Messrs. Gardner and 
Warren served with the commission until December 31, 1868, and 
perhaps a little later. 2 Mr. Major resigned December 9, 1864. 
Of the other principal employees, Mr. Joseph S. Harris, now presi- 
dent of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, is recorded as assistant 
surgeon and naturalist March 27, 1857, to March 31, 1864, when he 
left the survey to engage in private business. Francis Herbst and 
Henry Custer served as topographers, the former about two years 
from April 16, 1857, till March 31, 1859, the latter about seven years 
from April 16, 1857. till June 30, 1864. Mr. J. Nevine King served 
as quartermaster and commissary from May 21, 1857, to January 15, 
1861; Mr. George Gibbs as geologist and interpreter from June 22, 
1857. till May 31, 1862, and Mr. R. V. Peabody as guide from August 
1, 1857, to January 15, 1861. Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly served as surgeon 
and naturalist from March 22, 1857, till his death in 1861. 
On February 28, 1857, Mr. Campbell received his instructions from 
the Secretary of State, dated February 25, whereupon, he says, "I 
proceeded at once to collect all such information within my reach 
which might contribute to a proper understanding of the meaning of 
the language of the treaty, and in the execution of the work intrusted 
to me. 3 Having arranged with Professor Bache, Superintendent of the 
Coast Survey, for the use of the surveying steamer Active and the brig 
iHoust/ Ex. Doc. No. 86, Fortieth Congress, Third session, p. 100. 
2 House Ex. Doc. No. 86, Fortieth Congress, Third sr>sion, p. 23. 
3 Senate Ex. Doc, No. 29, Fortieth Congress, second session, p. 8. 
