diller.] OROGENTC MOVEMENTS. 57 
SUBSIDENCE AND EARLIER VALLEY FILLING. 
It is evident that to fill the old valleys with deposits which are 
estuarine, at least as far inland as Hay Fork, where sharks' teeth 
were found, as noted under "Fluvio-estuarine deposits of Trinity 
drainage" (p. 43), there must have been a subsidence. Hay Fork lies 
100 miles from the month of the Klamath, but scarcely a score of 
miles from the crest of the range where crossed by the stage road to 
the Sacramento Valley. Streams were ponded by the subsidence, and 
swampy conditions prevailed to preserve the carbonaceous material 
for the coal beds found at so many points in these deposits, and this 
condition, with fluctuations, must have obtained for a considerable 
interval, allowing the old valleys, as that of Weaverville Basin, to fill 
to great depths. 
UPLIFT AND DISPLACEMENT CLOSING EARLIER VALLEY 
STAGE. 
The earlier valley epoch was brought to a close by an epeirogenic 
uplift of approximately 900 feet all along the coast of the Klamath 
Mountains, but increasing eastward to a number of times that amount 
along the crest of the range. It is possible that during uplift the 
nuvio-estuarine deposits of the earlier valleys were displaced, for in 
most localities they dip at considerable angles and lie in deep valleys. 
How much of this depth is due to faulting and how much to earlier 
stream cutting is not known. The fact that the widest portions of 
valleys are carved out of these soft disturbed strata indicates that 
the valley enlargement is due to the soft strata and that the canyon 
cutting in the older rock is of later date. By the disturbance which 
tilted the fluvio-estuarine deposits the streams in many places were 
turned from their old channels and, as the uplifting progressed, cut 
valleys in new places, while elsewhere they swept the Miocene depos- 
its from the older valleys. This recarving of the old valleys and new 
canyons was largely accomplished before the Glacial epoch, as is 
shown by their relation to glaciated areas. 
POST-MIOCENE ELEVATION. 
The unconformity at Cape Blanco (PI. IX and fig. 4) indicates a 
post-Miocene surface of erosion extending below sea level. The age 
of the overlying beds (No. 6, fig. 4) is now regarded as Pleistocene, 
allowing the break to represent a considerable time interval. The 
absence of the Pliocene at that point indicates that it may have been 
above the sea during that epoch. 
At Crescent City essentially the same unconformity is visible, but 
is much more definite in its time relations. According to Dr. Dall — 
and my observations are in complete accord with his — the Pliocene 
of Battery Point rests directly and with a marked unconformity 
