36 TOPOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF KLAMATH MOUNTAINS, [bull.198. 
point exposes about 100 feet of soft, fossiliferous sandstones striking 
N. 40° W. and dipping 30° NE. The dip of these soft beds wherever 
seen on both sides of Mad River Valley was to the northeast, as if the 
mass is monoclinal. At the mouth of Canyon Creek they rest on 
hard gray sandstones and dark shales, much crushed and twisted, 
with an average strike of N. 35° W. and dip 75° NE. The soft sand- 
stones are locally lithified by calcareous cement, so that fossils, 
although generally in sand that is scarcely indurated, in some lay- 
ers are in hard material. Among the fossils collected from this 
place Dr. Dall recognizes Macoma sp. near edentida Sby., Macoma 
near M. helseyi Dall, Cardium near ciliatum Fabr., Cardium near 
corbis Mart., Macoma near expansa Cpr., Mytilus n. sp., and Mytilus 
near edulis, and regarded the forms as "? Upper Miocene." Nearby, 
on Montgomery Creek, from beds occurring close to the top of the 
bluff from which the above-named fossils were collected, we obtained 
Mytilus sp., Tapes sp., and Spisula sp., which Dr. Dall regards as 
"? Pliocene." 
ON EEL RIVER— FERNDALE AND RIO DELL. 
Similar deposits, some of which are tuff aceous, occur along the road 
at points between Vance and Ferndale, by way of Eureka, but it is in 
the Eel River region that the series has its best exposure. On the 
road leading from Ferndale south across Bear Ridge, as pointed out 
by Professor Lawson, the Wildcat series of soft shales, sandstone, and 
conglomerate affords an almost continuous section. In the lower por- 
tion of the section shales predominate, while sands are most abundant 
in the middle ijortion, and conglomerates occur with the sandstone 
near the top. The beds do not vary greatly in position. Strike N. 
75° W. and dip 24° NE. may be given as a close approximation to the 
general position of the shale, with a somewhat smaller dip for the 
sandy beds near the top of the series. Fossils were collected from 
the lower portion of the series, reaching up nearly to the middle, as 
exposed along the road. Those collected from the several localities 
were kept separate, but all have been pronounced either " probably 
Miocene" or "Upper Miocene." The rusty yellow to whitish fine 
argillaceous sand close to the base of the series is very full of micro- 
scopic organisms, which resemble closely in a general way those of 
the Empire beds of Coos Ba} r and Cape Blanco. 
The same series is well exposed along Eel River, as described by 
Lawson, from Scotia down the river, and is especially rich in fossils 
opposite Rio Dell. The soft sandstones and shales strike N. 75° W. 
and dip 65° NE. On the left bank of Eel River, a little above Scotia, 
the crushed dark-gray sandstones and shales, most likely of Mesozoic 
age, are exposed beneath the basal beds of the Wildcat series. 
Below Scotia the right bank affords an almost continuous section for 
several miles. Sandy shales and ordinary argillaceous shales are most 
